Vegan What I could never give up my large chick fil a...

Vegan? What I could never give up my large chick fil a milk shake or 5 guys burger! These thoughts may be floating around in your mind and if you don’t know what vegans means you may just be thinking of stoping at chick~fil~a. Basically a vegan doesnt consume any by product of animals. That includes meat, fish, diary, and poultry. Some take it a step further and don’t by products tested on animals and of course so fur or snake skins. You might think It’s a crazy way to live but once you learn how it reduces pollution, benefits your health, and helps tortured animal you may just become one your self. Being vegan also also reduces pollution in many ways. Having a vegan lifestyle will reduce the methane/ nitrous oxide. This†¦show more content†¦Now you may think well wont the lack of protein hurt my health? No it will not because you will get enough. Protein is extremely high in spinach which is great in smoothies and beans which taste amazing wrapped in lettuce. Actually studies have revealed that too much protein is very harmful for your health because it can strain you kidneys or cling as far.(Blumberg). One study that really impresses me is the one done one men with early stage prostate cancer who adapt a vegan diet may stop or even reverse the progression of the cancer. Another thing you may be wondering about is calcium. How will my bones stay strong if I dont drink my milk. They ways to get your calcium is extremely easy and delicious. Almond milk has fifty percent more calcium then milk does and a cup only has 30 calories! The public is put in the dark about the truth behind factory farming. We have images of large fields with cows grazing, pigs rolling around in mud, and chickens roam around. They have truly taking advantage of the peoples trust in labels such as â€Å"humane† and â€Å"free range†. Lets talk milk, if you take a second to think of the process to produce the amount of milk in demand. More than 9.3 million cows were used to produce milk in the united states alone. Thats 9.3 million moms being essentially raped and then after giving birth having their babyShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Vegetarian On The Vegan Zone Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesTOPIC: Veganism TITLE: Life in the Vegan Zone GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To inform my audience about what it means to be a vegan THESIS: To inform my audience that veganism cannot be simply distinguished through one single characterization, it is a dietary choice, a belief, a compassion that is a catalyst for one’s self, animals and even the environment. I. INTRODUCTION i. A vegan in the U.S. saves 198 animals per year from cruelty, however, that is a very small number comparedRead MoreIs It A Vegan?1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand became a vegan. Slowly but surely, my body healed itself from the inside-out. If one was to ask me about becoming vegan before I knew what benefits it would provide, I would have laughed. I would have told that vegan that I just couldn’t give up my beloved meat, dairy, and eggs but ultimately, I did just that. The transition to Veganism became easier when I accepted the truth of the matter. All of the research I did on the lifestyle led me to the conclusion that becoming a vegan would only benefitRead MoreThe On The Vegan Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vegan Society may have come into the picture 70 years ago, consequently veganism has been around much longer. There is evidence that dates as far as 2,000 years of people choosing to avoid animal products. Veganism is an extreme form of vegetarianism, and thoug h the term was brought to life in 1944, the concept of animal free eating can be traced back to ancient Indian and eastern Mediterranean societies. Researcher have looked back as early as 500 BCE, the Greek philosopher and mathematicianRead MoreBecoming a Vegan1732 Words   |  7 Pages Becoming vegan is a personal lifestyle decision whom many people have influenced as their preferred nutritional intake and can be due to many reasons including long-term health benefits, environmental awareness, ethical concerns and religious beliefs. Many vegans are in fact health conscious and understand the benefits of following such eating patterns. The Vegan diet can be defined as the exclusion of all animal derived foods including meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products from consumptionRead MoreWhy Should Be A Vegan1097 Words   |  5 Pages Why to Become a Vegan A vegan is a person who chooses not to consume any animal byproducts, including: flesh foods, dairy, eggs, and any other products made from or tested on animals. Vegetarianism, however, which can commonly be viewed as the same thing, is far from it. Vegetarians chose only to not consume meat, but they continue to eat other animal byproducts. Most vegans believe that â€Å"Being a vegan is definitely more of a lifestyle choice and a philosophy that a diet† (Medical News Today)Read MoreTaking a Look at Veganism629 Words   |  3 Pagescampus-wide event that is used to educate students, alumni, and the general public about sustainable practices that help the environment. During the final Earthstock celebration, exhibitors from many different organizations, such as EmPower Solar and Vegan Outreach, set up tables displaying information regarding healthy lifestyle practices, alternative diets, and sustainable forms of energy. For this event, I was unfortunately assigned the task of helping other student volunteers and exhibitors checkRead MoreThe Key to Being a Vegan533 Words   |  2 Pageskey to a healthy, nutritionally sound vegan diet is variety. A healthy vegan diet consists of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, whole grains, seeds, and legumes (vrg.org). By excluding animal bi-products, vegans also exclude the unhealthy levels of cholesterol and saturated fats that come with them (veganurbanite.com). Vegans are able to reach all the necessary nutritional requirements for a healthy body. One of the most widely asked questions to vegans is â€Å"Where do you get your protein?†Read MoreLifestyles : Vegan And Omnivore Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesLifestyles: Vegan and Omnivore As different crazes and fads are appearing each day, we have come to expect them to simply fade away as the hype passes. However, veganism has stood the test of time in our fad society and is still increasing in popularity. Originally only thought to be a religious lifestyle, many people from different walks of life are becoming vegans. However, this poses many questions and sparks heated debates, mainly from omnivorous people who believe that veganism is againstRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Vegan Diet2702 Words   |  11 Pagesfirst things that come to a person mind when they hear the word, â€Å"vegan’, are usually protest for animal rights, salads, and a lack of protein, but the question is does he/she really know what being a vegan is all about? Veganism is the practice of abstaining away from the use of any product that uses animals, commonly associated with the cruel treatment of animals and make up thirty-one percent of the population worldwide. An ethical vegan is a form of veganism were a person does not use any productRead MoreVegan Food Presentation1944 Words   |  8 Pagesdecrease during demonstration. However, the last minutes of presentation, even question-answer part, I observed that I was still in the same level of excitement. So I believe that even though some of my classmates may not be interested in preparing vegan sushi, my passion help me to invoke sympathy from my audience. Unlike the persuasive speech, the demonstrational presentation topic must appeal the audience attention because its purpose is to teach a structure, or steps, of a task. For instance, one

Case Synopsis Free Essays

The management at Atlantic Computer had the problem of formulating a pricing strategy for product bundling. This had to be a unique pricing strategy because they were breaking away from the industry practice which was to offer software tools for free. However in this case, the management had decided against this strategy as the use of the software tool would lead to considerable savings on the part of the customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Synopsis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the management believed that if new product marketing and sales did their job right, customers could be persuaded to pay an additional percentage for the PESA software tool. Therefore the center of the problem was clearly to develop the right pricing strategy which would take into consideration the product’s benefits and the current competitive pressures in the market. This was the task given to Jason Jowers, the youngest product manager at Atlantic Computer. The strategy that Jason developed would be tested at the SME trade show. Depending on the test results, the pricing structure could be put into practice. Company overview Atlantic Computer has a long record of operating in the high-end performance servers market. It had been selling Radia to large enterprise consumer servers for the last thirty years. However the management had shifted the strategic focus to basic servers because of the popularity of the Internet technology. This was the reason that Atlantic Computer was introducing Tronn. The head of the server division believed that customers would no longer consider high performance servers and basic servers as substitutes. Therefore, the market had considerable growth potential in terms of basic servers. Atlantic Computer already had a considerable brand reputation in the market from selling high performance servers and the company would be able to capitalize upon this reputation by selling basic servers. The company also had a reputation for responsive post-sales assistance. This was based on customer relationship management and product differentiation. Therefore, the company had a substantial existing customer list which could be capitalized upon to enter the market for basic servers. In this respect the strategy of product differentiation was being implemented in the form of bundling hardware with software. Product overview Atlantic Computer had been selling high performance servers for the last 30 years. Now it was entering a new market with basic servers the functionalities of which were expanded by bundling the hardware with the PESA software tool. The industry practice was that software tools were given away for free. However the management at Atlantic Computer had decided against this strategy because the customers would be able to reduce their operating expenses considerably by using the PESA software tool. Basic servers are used to perform simple, repeatable functions while software tools are used to monitor the health of a server or to enhance the performance of the server. Customers in the web-server and file sharing applications segment would benefit most from the suggested product bundling How to cite Case Synopsis, Papers

Online Marketing

Question: Write an essay on Online marketing. Answer: Online marketing policies help increase the visibility of a brand. It helps to raise consumer awareness about a particular brand. In this regard it can be said that online expansion help assist the brand to have a wider reach, thereby, touching every segment of the society. Therefore, accessibility as an issue is addressed through online portals. This assists a business organization to increase the existing profit margin, thereby, ensuring greater inflow of sales revenue of a business organization. However, inefficient online strategies shall assist a business organization to adversely influence the prosperity as well as the reputation of a sportswear brand. The sportswear industry is dependent on online advertisement and sales promotional policies to assist a business enterprise to operate successfully in the global market. Customized portals are created by the business enterprises to display their products online. Thus, consumers can order products online at their own convenience . This reduces the operational costs of the brand leading to a strong financial position. Business enterprises operating in the sportswear segment like Nike and Adidas offer the convenience to customers to order products online, therefore improving the accessibility factor of the brand. As such, offering a highest traffic is a pertinent indication towards attracting consumer attention as well as the business sustainability of a sportswear brand. Problem statement Online traffics are considered an essential marketing tool to ensure business survival and prosperity in a n intensely competitive market. The traditional manner of shopping of being physically present in a retail store to make the purchase decision process is slowly becoming the less preferred mode of communications in a business entity. Therefore, business enterprises have been emphasizing for the development of online social media tools to attract potential consumers towards the brand. It is also less cheap than the traditional mode of shopping in attracting consumers towards the brand. In addition, it results in greater visibility and awareness of customers towards a brand. As such, when compared to the traditional mode of shopping it is far more effective in achieving greater sales revenue and market share for the brand. Therefore, online shopping has to be assessed accordingly in the context of the existing market situation. However online shopping has its fair share of issues in a business enterprise. In instances, there was no pertinent action that was taken inspite of negative consumer reviews. Thus, customer feedback should be adequately considered to have a positive influence on the annual sales revenue of a sportswear business entity. Research Objective/ Questions The research objective is to evaluate the impact of online portals on the sales of sportswear products. In addition it seeks to evaluate the existing trends in the online promotion of products . The following are the research questions of the case study. What are the primary attributes affecting consumer behaviour in online shopping How effective is the existing online shopping portals in achieving a greater sales revenue What are the pertinent recommendations that can be made to address the issues affecting online shopping of sportswear products Research Justification The research study seeks to compare the merits of online shopping against the traditional manner of shopping where customers are required to be physically present in a store. Online shopping has gained popularity among the consumers in the recent years. The research study seeks to evaluate the advantage and issues of online sales on a business entitys financial position. In addition, the study seeks to analyze consumer behavior and perceptions towards online selling platforms. As such, it remains pertinent to analyze the issues affecting as well as the merits that an online selling platform brings to a sportswear business entity. Therefore, the amount of traffic generated by a business portal indicates the amount of consumer interest and loyalty to a particular brand. Expected Research Outcome Robson and McCartan (2016) mentioned that the Expected Research outcome relates to the effectiveness of online shopping against the conventional method of shopping of being physically present in a retail store. Besides, this study shall evaluate certain issues in online shopping like safety and security of consumers and the presence of malicious software that can adversely influence online shopping. These issues shall be highlighted in the research process, with the additional merits that is offered to consumers when buying goods online. Bryman. and Bell (2015) stated that the research study primarily seeks to recognize the distinct advantages of online buying of goods to consumers as well as the business organization . Thus, it will recognize the advantages the procedure brings in to assist a sportswear business entity in its growth. Besides, this the research project seeks to identify the existing trends in the sportwear segment adopted by reputed sportswear business enterprise lik e Adidas, Nike to enhance its sales revenue and have a wider reach as a brand . Conceptual Framework The web portals have assisted business enterprises to offer exclusive information to business enterprises. Thus, the online portals have facilitated data gathering and sharing. In addition, sportswear business entities have developed interpersonal relationships with consumers, thereby facilitating consumer loyalty. This has also prevented accessibility issues from hampering the business sustainability of a sportswear brand. Due to enhanced accessibility, consumers are directly able to purchase goods online without being physically present in a retail store. Thus, online selling platforms have negated any geographical gap or barriers from restricting the sales procedure of a particular brand. Due to these attributes, online shopping has been able to develop a positive perception on consumer loyalty, leading to increased sales of the business organization. Research Hypothesis The following is the research hypothesis depending on the research objectives as well as the problem statement. Ho: Online selling platforms have distinct advantages to both buyers and sellers when compared to the conventional method of shopping, thereby ensuring greater inflow of sales revenue H1: Online platforms do not have a considerable influence on the sales revenue of a business organization. Research Methodology The research paradigms have been stated in this chapter. The choice of research paradigms is made depending on the aims and objectives of the study as well as the nature of data collected for the purpose of the study. This chapter mentions the research design, research philosophy, research approach. Besides this, it includes the data gathering procedure as well as the selection of the sample size. Research philosophy In this study a positivism research philosophy is chosen to attain the research goals and objectives .Elzinga et al. ( 2012) mentioned that a positivism approach selected would help to gather detailed information about the influence of online selling platform on the financial strength of a retail entity . In addition, positivism would emphasize on the facts pertaining to the research study and would enable the business enterprise to draw necessary conclusions about the research procedure. Research Design: Descriptive Bukhari and Qudous (2012) noted that the research design can be classified into three types descriptive, exploratory as well as explanatory. The research design facilitates the researcher to attain the research objectives of the study. In this regard. Zarif (2012) noted that it can be said that detailed information shall be required to analyze the e implications of online sales on the business sustainability of a sportswear entity. In addition, it would be able to gather necessary facts to overcome the issues related to online selling platforms. Besides this, it would enable a business enterprise to evaluate consumer behavior and perceptions towards online sales of retail goods. Bukhari and Qudous (2012) stated that a descriptive research design enables a business enterprise to collect gather data in a detailed manner, which shall enable the researcher substantially to successfully complete the research study. Research Approach A research approach shall be composed of two types inductive and deductive. A deductive research approach is selected to assist the researcher to deal with the research process in a detailed manner. According to Collis and Hussey (2013), , a deductive research approach shall assist the researcher to evaluate both primary and secondary data to draw required conclusions. In this regard, it can be said that consumer feedback as well as different websites and business journals shall enable the researcher to come to necessary conclusions about the impact of online selling platforms as well as advertising and promotional policies on the sales revenue of sportswear products in a business enterprise. Saunders, et al. (2012) noted that an inductive research approach shall not be effective in assessing the necessity of online selling platforms. As such, this approach shall provide a brief on the online selling activities and consumer behavior and perceptions in the sportswear segment. Data Type - The data collected shall be classified into two types which are primary as well as secondary data. Zikmund et al. (2012) mentioned that the secondary data relates to past publications and journal relating to online selling Also, the internet will be an effective source to gather secondary data. This would assist the researcher to have a proper view about the existing trends followed in the sportswear industry. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2015) mentioned that the primary data is gathered through collective responses of employees as well as customers of different sportswear brands. It is expected that different opinions relating to online selling shall enable a researcher to attain a perspective on online sales and its merits as well as demerits in achieving greater sales in the market. Sample Size A sample size of 50 customers and 6 mangers working in established sportswear brands shall be selected to assist the researcher in coming to conclusions. Authentic opinion from customers shall be a valuable source of information to the researcher in the case study . Khan et al (2012) mentioned that Consumer buying behavior and preferences would be judged in the context of online selling platforms. The researcher will motivate consumers to share their honest opinions about online sales and its implications on the business performance of the brand, in the context of the global market. Sampling choice The sampling choice can be sub-divided into probability and non-probability method of sampling. According to Spieth et al. (2013) mentioned that the non- probability-sampling method considers the entire consumer population as one sample. In this regard, it can be said that that considering the entire population as one sample can be impractical as well as time-consuming . Farahbod et al. (2012) mentioned that the simple random method of sampling can be used for the purpose of the research study . Thus, it would be impractical to consider the simple random sampling procedure to evaluate the consumers and the opinion of the managers. Besides this, the purposive method of sampling can also be used to evaluate the existing conditions of a business enterprise. Hair Jr (2015) mentioned that the purposive method of sampling can also e be used to gather knowledge from people having accurate concept of online selling platform adopted by sportswear business entities. Data gathering procedure Data has been gathered from both primary as well as secondary sources. According to Zott. and Amit (2013) , the data gathering process can take a kot of time and this can adversely influence the research study . The set of quantative questionnaire can be sent to the clients and this would be evaluated based on excel charts. Aral et al. (2013) stated that data shall be represented through excel charts and would assist the business organization in the case of gathering data relating to the impact of online sales on the business performance of a sportswear entity Data would be gathered from the employees of the organization as well as the consumers . Thus, it can be expected that data gathered would represent the different opinions from the different sections of the society. Wilson (2014) mentioned that secondary data would be collected from relevant websites, journals and magazines. Marketing books by reputed authors would assist the researcher to collect appropriate pertaining to the research topic. It can be said that such data would be a valuable source of information to the research procedure. Ethical Considerations Boons and Ldeke-Freund (2013) mentioned that it is the responsibility of the researcher to bring in honesty and transparency to the whole procedure . Thus, the researcher has to ensure that participants are encouraged at act as per their own free will. There should be no coercion or undue pressure put on the participants in the research procedure. In addition, company data shall not be disclosed in any manner. It is the primary responsibility of the researcher to ensure that participants are put their hones and unbiased opinions about the influence of online sales, in the context of the sportswear industry, Organization study Following is the organization of the study. Chapter 1 This would include the research proposal as prepared in the assignment. Chapter 2 - The case study relating to the impact of online sales on the performance of a business study in, the context of a sportswear business enterprise. Chapter 3 - This shall include the methodology techniques used in preparing the research study . The procedure to gather data, choice of method used to interpret data collected as well as analyzing the sample size used to support the research study. Chapter 4 - The following chapter shall report the findings and the necessary analysis of the research procedure. Here, both a primary as well as secondary data would be considered to frame the necessary procedures through pertinent analysis and findings of the research study . Chapter 5 - In this chapter, the researchers would draw the required conclusions and provide pertinent recommendations. This section is essential from the point of view of the research s study to make the research process effective. Gantt chart Research Activities 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 5th week 6th week 7th Week Selection of topic Data gathering from secondary sources Developing Layooutrt Literature review Establishment of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data gathering Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Appropriate Findings Conclusion Establishment of Draft Submission of Final work The Gnatt chart represents the timetable for the research study. In addition, it represents the adequate resources that would be required for the purpose of the study. In the first week of the study, the researcher shall have to deal with the choosing of the research topic as per the needs of the study. In this case, the influence of the online sales on the business performance of a brand is selected. The second week of the research procedure shall deal with the collection of data from different sources. This relates to the gathering of requisite data as per the primary and secondary data relating to the topic. The third week establishes the research process layout, which establishes the research objectives and the goals. This stage compares the online marketing policies as against the traditional method of shopping. The fourth week is the starting of the primary data gathering procedure. These relates to interviewing of employees and the managers of a sportswear business enterprise. The fifth week deals with the analysis of the findings of the research process as per the goals s and objectives of the research procedure. In the sixth week, the appropriate findings of the research procedure are stated. As such, necessary conclusions are drawn as per the research procedure. The development draft of the organization would be as per the goals of the organization. The final work submission should be done in the seventh week of the research procedure. Project budget justification The project budget would be established at $880 in order to complete the research process within a required period Following are the reasons that the above budget would be required to frame the operational policies of a business enterprise. The preparation of the literature review would take substantial amount of cost as this would the gathering of appropriate textbooks, online resources as well as journal articles. These would require substantial resources for effective evaluation of the background of the study Data shall be gathered through the surveys as well as questionnaires shall have travelling and printing. In addition, there shall be mailing and interview costs as well to assist the researcher in its study. These factors are a pertinent part in the study and as such this would assist the research study in fulfilling the research aims and objectives. To develop charts and tables, the researcher shall have to allocate a budget for the organization. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issue-social media and business transformation: A framework for research.Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp.3-13.CH IN BUSINESS. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. and Planken, B., 2013. What is Business Discourse? (pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, pp.9-19. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Bukhari, S.A.J. and Qudous, R.A., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS. Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2013. Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Elzinga, D.J., Gulledge, T.R. and Lee, C.Y. eds., 2012. Business process engineering: Advancing the state of the art. Springer Science Business Media. Elzinga, D.J., Gulledge, T.R. and Lee, C.Y. eds., 2012. Business process engineering: Advancing the state of the art. Springer Science Business Media. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015. Qualitative methods in business research. Sage. Farahbod, F., Azadehdel, M., Rezaei-Dizgah, M. and Nezhadi-Jirdehi, M., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEAR Foss, N.J. and Knudsen, C., 2013. Towards a competence theory of the firm. Routledge. Hair Jr, J.F., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. and Page, M.J., 2015. Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. Khan, I., Ghauri, T.A., Majeed, S. and Campus, B., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS. future, 4(3). Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2013. Designing business models and similar strategic objects: the contribution of IS. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(5), p.237. Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., OHare, A., Nightingale, P. and Stirling, A., 2012. How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between innovation studies and business management. Research Policy,41(7), pp.1262-1282. Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., OHare, A., Nightingale, P. and Stirling, A., 2012. How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between innovation studies and business management. Research Policy, 41(7), pp.1262-1282. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016. Real world research. Wiley. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Lewis, P., 2012. Doing research in business and management: An essential guide to planning your project. Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Spieth, P., Tidd, J., Matzler, K., Schneckenberg, D. and Vanhaverbeke, W., 2013. Special issue on business model innovationeditorial note. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(01), p.1302001. Wilson, J., 2014. Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage. Zarif, T., 2012. Grounded theory method: An overview. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(5), p.969. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2012. Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Zott, C. and Amit, R., 2013. The business model: A theoretically anchored robust construct for strategic analysis. Strategic Organization, 11(4), pp.403-411.

Biography of Banastre Tarleton, British General

Biography of Banastre Tarleton, British General Banastre Tarleton (August 21, 1754–January 15, 1833) was a British Army officer during the American Revolution who became notorious for his actions in the southern theater of the war. He gained his reputation for brutality following the Battle of Waxhaws, where he reputedly had American prisoners killed. Tarleton later led part of Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army and was crushed at the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781. Remaining active until the end of the war, he was captured following the British surrender at Yorktown that October. Fast Facts: Banastre Tarleton Known For: American RevolutionBorn: August 21, 1754 in Liverpool, EnglandParents: John TarletonDied: January 15, 1833 in Leintwardine, EnglandEducation: Middle Temple in London and University College at Oxford UniversityPublished Works:  A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North AmericaSpouse(s): Mary Robinson (not married, long term relationship ca. 1782–1797) Susan Priscilla Bertie (m. December 17, 1798–his death in 1833)Children: Illegitimate daughter with Kolima, (1797–1801) Banina Georgiana Tarleton Early Life Banastre Tarleton was born August 21, 1754, in Liverpool, England, the third child of John Tarleton, a prominent merchant with extensive ties in the American colonies and the slave trade. John Tarleton served as the mayor of Liverpool in 1764 and 1765, and, holding a position of prominence in the city, Tarleton saw that his son received an upper-class education including studying the law at Middle Temple in London and University College at Oxford University. Upon his fathers death in 1773, Banastre Tarleton received 5,000 British pounds but promptly lost most of it gambling at Londons notorious Cocoa Tree club. In 1775, he sought a new life in the military and purchased a commission as a coronet (second lieutenant) in the 1st Kings Dragoon Guards. Taking to military life, Tarleton proved a skilled horseman and displayed strong leadership skills. Early Career In 1775, Tarleton obtained permission to leave the 1st Kings Dragoon Guards and proceeded to North America as a volunteer with Cornwallis. As part of a force arriving from Ireland, he took part in the failed attempt to capture Charleston, South Carolina in June 1776. Following the British defeat at the Battle of Sullivans Island, Tarleton sailed north where the expedition joined General William Howes army on Staten Island. During the New York Campaign that summer and fall he earned a reputation as a daring and effective officer. Serving under Colonel William Harcourt of the 16th Light Dragoons, Tarleton achieved fame on December 13, 1776. While on a scouting mission, Tarletons patrol located and surrounded a house in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, where American Major General Charles Lee was staying. Tarleton was able to compel Lees surrender by threatening to burn the building down. In recognition of his performance around New York, he earned a promotion to major. Charleston Waxhaws After continuing to provide able service, Tarleton was given command of a newly formed  mixed force of cavalry and light infantry known as the British Legion and Tarletons Raiders in 1778. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, his new command was largely comprised of Loyalists and at its largest numbered around 450 men. In 1780, Tarleton and his men sailed south to Charleston, South Carolina, as part of General Sir Henry Clintons army.   Landing, they aided in the siege of the city and patrolled the surrounding area in search of American troops. In the weeks before Charlestons fall on May 12, Tarleton won victories at Moncks Corner (April 14) and Lenuds Ferry (May 6). On May 29, 1780, his men fell upon 350 Virginia Continentals led by Colonel Abraham Buford. In the ensuing Battle of Waxhaws, Tarletons men butchered Bufords command, despite an American attempt to surrender, killing 113 and capturing 203. Of the captured men, 150 were too wounded to move and were left behind. Known as the Waxhaws Massacre to the Americans, it, along with his cruel treatment of the populace, cemented Tarletons image as a heartless commander. Through the remainder of 1780, Tarletons men pillaged the countryside instilling fear and earning him the nicknames Bloody Ban and Butcher. With Clintons departure after the capture of Charleston, the Legion remained in South Carolina as part of Cornwallis army. Serving with this command, Tarleton took part in the victory over Major General Horatio Gates at Camden on August 16. In the weeks that followed, he sought to suppress the guerrilla operations of Brigadier Generals Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter, but with no success. Marion and Sumters careful treatment of civilians earned them their trust and support, while Tarletons behavior alienated all those he encountered. Cowpens Instructed by Cornwallis in January 1781 to destroy an American command led by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, Tarleton rode west seeking the enemy. Tarleton found Morgan at an area in western South Carolina known as the Cowpens. In the battle that followed on January 17, Morgan conducted a well-orchestrated double envelopment that effectively destroyed Tarletons command and routed him from the field. Fleeing back to Cornwallis, Tarleton fought in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse and later commanded raiding forces in Virginia. During a foray to Charlottesville, he unsuccessfully attempted to capture Thomas Jefferson and several members of the Virginia legislature. Later War Moving east with Cornwallis army in 1781, Tarleton was given command of the forces at Gloucester Point, across the York River from the British position at Yorktown. Following the American victory at Yorktown and Cornwallis capitulation in October 1781, Tarleton surrendered his position. In negotiating the surrender, special arrangements had to be made to protect Tarleton due to his unsavory reputation. After the surrender, the American officers invited all of their British counterparts to dine with them but specifically forbade Tarleton from attending. He later served in Portugal and Ireland. Politics Returning home in 1781, Tarleton entered politics and was defeated in his first election for Parliament. In 1782, after returning to England and supposedly on a bet with her current lover, Tarleton seduced Mary Robinson, ex-mistress of the Prince of Wales and a talented actress and poet: they would have a 15-year relationship, but never married and had no surviving children. In 1790, he won the election and went to London to serve as a member of Parliament for Liverpool. During his 21 years in the House of Commons, Tarleton largely voted with the opposition and was an ardent supporter of the slave trade. This support was largely due to his brothers and other Liverpudlian shippers involvement in the business. Mary Robinson wrote his speeches after he became a member of Parliament. Later Career and Death With Mary Robinsons assistance, in 1787 Tarleton wrote Campaigns of 1780–1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America, an apologia for his failings in the American Revolution, on which he blamed  Cornwallis. Despite Robinsons active role in his life by the late 18th century, Tarletons growing political career forced him to abruptly end his relationship with her. On December 17, 1798, Tarleton married Susan Priscilla Bertie, an illegitimate daughter of Robert Bertie, the 4th Duke of Lancaster. Tarleton had no surviving children in either relationship; although he did have an illegitimate daughter (Banina Georgiana Tarleston, 1797–1801) with a woman known as Kolima. Tarleton was made a general in 1812, and in 1815, he was created a Baronet and received a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1820. Tarleton died in London on January 25, 1833.

Frigate USS Chesapeake in the War of 1812

Frigate USS Chesapeake in the War of 1812 USS Chesapeake was one of the original six frigates constructed for the U.S. Navy. Entering service in 1800, the ship carried 38 guns and saw service during the with Quasi-War with France and the campaign against the Barbary pirates. In 1807, Chesapeake was attacked by HMS Leopard (50 guns) over the practice of impressment of sailors in what became known as the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. Active in the War of 1812, Chesapeake was defeated and captured by HMS Shannon (38) on June 1, 1813. The ship served as HMS Chesapeake until 1819. Background With the United States separation from Great Britain after the American Revolution, the American merchant marine no longer enjoyed the security provided by the Royal Navy when at sea. As a result, its ships made easy targets for pirates and other raiders such as the Barbary corsairs. Aware that a permanent navy would need to be created, Secretary of War Henry Knox requested American shipbuilders submit plans for six frigates in late 1792. Worried about cost, debate raged in Congress for over a year until funding was finally obtained through the Naval Act of 1794. Calling for the building of four 44-gun and two 36-gun frigates, the act was put into effect and construction assigned to various cities. The designs selected by Knox were those of renowned naval architect Joshua Humphreys. Aware that the United States could not hope to build a navy of equal strength to Britain or France, Humphreys created large frigates that could best any similar vessel, but were fast enough to escape enemy ships-of-the-line. The resulting vessels were long, with wider than usual beams and possessed diagonal riders in their framing to increase strength and prevent hogging. Construction Originally intended to be a 44-gun frigate, Chesapeake was laid down at Gosport, VA in December 1795. Construction was overseen by Josiah Fox and superintended by Flamborough Head veteran Captain Richard Dale. Progress on the frigate was slow and in early 1796 construction was halted when a peace accord was reached with Algiers. For the next two years, Chesapeake remained on the blocks at Gosport. With the beginning of the Quasi-War with France in 1798, Congress authorized work to resume. Returning to work, Fox found that a shortage of timber existed as much of Gosports supply had been shipped to Baltimore for the completion of USS Constellation (38). Aware of Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stodderts desire to have the vessel completed quickly and never a supporter of Humphreys design, Fox radically redesigned the ship. The result was a frigate that was the smallest of the original six. USS Chesapeake. US Navy As Foxs new plans reduced the overall cost of the vessel, they were approved by Stoddert on August 17, 1798. The new plans for Chesapeake saw the frigates armament reduced from 44 guns to 36. Considered an oddity due to its differences relative to its sisters, Chesapeake was deemed an unfortunate ship by many. Launched on December 2, 1799, an additional six months were required to complete it. Commissioned on May 22, 1800, with Captain Samuel Barron in command, Chesapeake put to sea and transported currency from Charleston, SC to Philadelphia, PA. USS Chesapeake (1799) OverviewNation: United StatesBuilder: Gosport Navy YardAuthorized: March 27, 1794Launched: December 2, 1799Commissioned: May 22, 1800Fate: Captured by HMS Shannon, June 1, 1813SpecificationsShip Type: FrigateDisplacement: 1,244 tonsLength: 152.6 ft.Beam: 41.3 ft.Draft: 20 ft.Complement: 340Armament (War of 1812)29 x 18 pdr18 x 32 pdr2 x 12 pdr1 x 12 pdr carronade Early Service After serving with an American squadron off the southern coast and in the Caribbean, Chesapeake captured its first prize, the French privateer La Jeune Creole (16), on January 1, 1801, after a 50-hour chase. With the end of the conflict with France, Chesapeake was decommissioned on February 26 and placed in ordinary. This reserve status proved brief as a resumption of hostilities with the Barbary States led to the frigate being reactivated in early 1802. Made the flagship of an American squadron, led by Commodore Richard Morris, Chesapeake sailed for the Mediterranean in April and arrived at Gibraltar on May 25. Remaining abroad until early April 1803, the frigate took part in American operations against the Barbary pirates but was plagued by issues such as a rotted mast and bowsprit. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Laid up at the Washington Navy Yard in June 1803, Chesapeake remained idle for nearly four years. In January 1807, Master Commandant Charles Gordon was tasked with preparing the frigate for use as Commodore James Barrons flagship in the Mediterranean. As work progressed on Chesapeake, Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair was sent ashore to recruit a crew. Among those who signed on were three sailors who had deserted from HMS Melampus (36). Though alerted to the status of these men by the British ambassador, Barron refused to return them as they had been forcibly impressed into the Royal Navy. Dropping down to Norfolk in June, Barron began provisioning Chesapeake for its voyage. On June 22, Barron departed Norfolk. Loaded with supplies, Chesapeake was not in fighting trim as the new crew was still stowing equipment and preparing the vessel for active operations. Leaving port, Chesapeake passed a British squadron which was blockading two French ships at Norfolk. HMS Leopard fires on USS Chesapeake. US Naval History and Heritage Command A few hours later, the American frigate was chased down by HMS Leopard (50), commanded by Captain Salusbury Humphreys. Hailing Barron, Humphreys requested Chesapeake carry dispatches to Britain. A normal request, Barron agreed and one of Leopards lieutenants rowed across to the American ship. Coming aboard, he presented Barron with orders from Vice Admiral George Berkeley which stated he was to search Chesapeake for deserters. Barron promptly refused this request and the lieutenant departed. A short time later, Leopard hailed Chesapeake. Barron was unable to understand Humphreys message and moments later Leopard fired a shot across Chesapeakes bow before delivering a full broadside into the frigate. Barron ordered the ship to general quarters, but the cluttered nature of the decks made this difficult. As Chesapeake struggled to prepare for battle, the larger Leopard continued to pound the American ship. After enduring fifteen minutes of British fire, during which Chesapeake responded with only one shot, Barron struck his colors. Coming aboard, the British removed four sailors from Chesapeake before departing. In the incident, three Americans were killed and eighteen, including Barron, were wounded. Badly battered, Chesapeake limped back to Norfolk. For his part in the affair, Barron was court-martialed and suspended from the US Navy for five years. A national humiliation, the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair led to a diplomatic crisis and President Thomas Jefferson banned all British warships from American ports. The affair also led to the Embargo Act of 1807 which devastated the American economy. War of 1812 Repaired, Chesapeake later saw patrol duty enforcing the embargo with Captain Stephen Decatur in command. With the beginning of the War of 1812, the frigate was fitting out at Boston in preparation to sail as part of squadron consisting of USS United States (44) and USS Argus (18). Delayed, Chesapeake remained behind when the other ships sailed and did not leave port until mid-December. Commanded by Captain Samuel Evans, the frigate conducted a sweep of the Atlantic and captured six prizes before arriving back at Boston on April 9, 1813. In poor health, Evans left the ship the following month and was replaced by Captain James Lawrence. Captain James Lawrence, USN. US Naval History and Heritage Command Battle with HMS Shannon Taking command, Lawrence found the ship in poor condition and the crews morale low as enlistments were expiring and their prize money was tied up in court. Working to appease the remaining sailors, he also began recruiting to fill out the crew. As Lawrence worked to ready his ship, HMS Shannon (38), commanded by Captain Philip Broke, began blockading Boston. In command of the frigate since 1806, Broke had built Shannon into a crack ship with an elite crew. On May 31, after learning that Shannon had moved closer to the harbor, Lawrence decided to sail out and battle the British frigate. Putting to sea the next day, Chesapeake, now mounting 50 guns, emerged from the harbor. This corresponded to a challenge sent by Broke that morning, though Lawrence never received the letter. Though Chesapeake possessed a larger armament, Lawrences crew was green and many had yet to train on the ships guns. HMS Shannon leads the captured USS Chesapeake into Halifx harbor, June 1813. Library and Archives Canada (Public Domain) Flying a large banner proclaiming Free Trade and Sailors Rights, Chesapeake met the enemy around 5:30 p.m. approximately twenty miles east of Boston. Nearing, the two ships exchanged broadsides and soon after became entangled. As Shannons guns began sweeping Chesapeakes decks, both captains gave the order to board. Shortly after issuing this order, Lawrence was mortally wounded. His loss and Chesapeakes bugler failing to sound the call led the Americans to hesitate. Surging aboard, the Shannons sailors succeeded in overwhelming Chesapeakes crew after bitter fighting. In the battle, Chesapeake lost 48 killed and 99 wounded while Shannon suffered 23 killed and 56 wounded. Repaired at Halifax, the captured ship served in the Royal Navy as HMS Chesapeake until 1815. Sold four years later, many of its timbers were used in the Chesapeake Mill in Wickham, England.

Black Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Black Theology - Essay Example In the midst of this turbulent period, a relatively unknown theologian from a rural town in Arkansas emerged to confront the abstract and irrelevant definitions of white mainstream theology and to speak to the social conditions of black Americans. James Cone has been called "the father" of black theology, "the leading exponent of black theology," and the "premier black theologian" (Burrow, 1993, p. 1). Grenz and Olson (1992, p. 206) acknowledge, "Cone was able to emerge as an important voice for the new Black theology in part because he shared the plight of Blacks through his upbringing in the South. This qualified him to understand their feelings and speak on their behalf. At the same time, his voice was significant because he had obtained the academic credentials necessary to gain a hearing in the largely White-dominated theological circle." Cone wrote the first systematic treatment of black theology. His books, articles, and lectures launched black liberation theology into the national and international theological arena. As Hopkins (2002, p. 16) argues, "I believe he was the first person in the history of the United States to position liberation of the poor as the central and foundational preaching and teaching of Jesus And Cone was one of two people in the world to first write books on liberation theology." To better contextualise this assessment, it would be pertinent to point out that Hopkins (2002, p. 14) defines black liberation theology as "the name given to a movement created by a group of African American pastors in the late 1960s who felt that the gospel of Jesus Christ had a positive message for black people." Arguably, there were three historic events that provided the context for the formation of black theology as a movement: (1) the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, associated with Martin Luth er King Jr., (2) the publication of Joseph Washington's book, Black Religion: The Negro and Christianity in the United States (1964), and (3) the rise of the black power movement, strongly influenced by Malcolm X's philosophy of black nationalism (Burrow, 1993). In the 1960s, the notoriety of the civil rights movement emerged under the leadership and direction of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He confronted racism and discrimination using a social-oriented theology and a nonviolent method of protest. His pastoral concern and academic training gave a theological and biblical voice to the debilitating implications of racial oppression. Second, Joseph Washington's (1964) book Black Religion was one of the major writings to argue that black religion is not identical to white Protestantism or any other expression of Euro-American Christianity. "Rejecting the thesis of earlier studies that viewed Black religion as one aspect of the broader category of North American Protestantism, Washington asserted that it was actually a distinctive phenomenon in North American religious life" (Grenz and Olson, 1992, p. 204). Finally, with the influence of Malcolm X, phrases like "black nationalism," "black pride," and "black power" emerged to raise black consciousn ess and reclaim black identity in American society. The three historical benchmarks - the civil rights movement, Black Religion, and the black power movement -provided the conte

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors Research Paper

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors - Research Paper Example The solubility of water in most hydrocarbon jet fuels often decreases by roughly 2 ppm v/v per 1 °C. In this regard, the dissolved water components of the jet fuel may freeze to form tiny ice crystals and blocking fuel feeds, enhance corrosion as well as supporting microbial growth. A number of plane crash incidences attributed to fuel starvation due to icing have been recorded. For example, during extended high latitude flights, fuel temperatures often fall to extremely low levels thereby causing the water components of the jet fuel to freeze. In most cases, the ice crystals thus formed may not only clog jet fuel filters but can also lodge into the fuel with potential implications such as engine malfunction or flameout (Repetto et al., 2013, p.556). However, there are currently a number of possibilities of effective elimination of the potential hazards associated with jet fuel water contamination. According to Trohalaki and Pachter (2009, p.79), although the application of organic molecules as potential dehydrating agent remains underutilized due to their complex chemical refining requirements, a number of organic molecules with efficient dehydrating properties such as ortho esters, ketals, hemiketals, acetals, hemiacetals are increasingly being seen as potential candidates for the development of novel and effective fuel dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII). This research proposal investigates the feasibility of using stereoelectronic effects of organic molecules such as ortho-esters in the management of both jet fuel water contamination as well as ice formation in jet engines during high altitude flights. Stereoelectronic effects play a critical role in the hydrolytic processes of the organic water scavenging molecules such as ortho esters (Chiang et al., 2003, p.58). According to many experts, orthoesters are organic molecules that contain a functional group consisting of three alkoxy groups attached to one of the carbon atoms. Orthoesters generally work as water scavengers by getting rapidly hydrolysed when in contact with the free water thereby acting as an ace inhibitor.  Ã‚