Effective And Micro Economic Environment †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Effective And Micro Economic Environment? Answer: Presentation System and strategy is significant for a compelling full scale and small scale monetary condition in Sudan. The Sudanese government has had sufficient opportunity to check the business network particularly the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) because of the effect of Multinational partnerships and Corporate Parent Organization. Because of the fast increment of multinationals in the nation the accompanying has been the impact to the economy; right off the bat, there were a lot of independent venture undertakings that were shutting down. To place it into point of view, the private company utilize a huge number of young people from tertiary foundations and colleges who are currently confronting the real factors of joblessness because of conclusion of organizations (Aaker, 2001). Also because of expanded conclusion of organizations, the nation is seeing a flood in imports and a lessening in sends out that is truly harming the economy and the GDP of the nation. On the off chance that imports rise, the nation goes to be even more a net merchant prompting more cash going outside the nation than the remote trade cash coming in the nation. A nation which trades more advantages because of increment in its remote trade results to an expansion in net local yield. Thirdly, the pace of joblessness is expanding. Sudan has one of the main GDPs in the sub Saharan Africa. It is positioned seventh in the greatest economies in Africa behind the mammoths like Nigeria, South Africa, Angola, and Egypt among others (Brown and Clinton, 2010). Its populace is additionally expanding implying that absence of production of ventures will just prompt expanded joblessness particularly among the adolescents. When SMEs close the shops, it implies that formal and casual won't be made and hence the legislature must do a great deal in guaranteeing that SME are not packed by multinationals. The procedure is known as swarming out impact where privately owned businesses are constrained out of activity because of government tasks and multinationals interruption. The fourth issue is the residency of MNCs in the nation was diminishing bit by bit and this was ascribed to non-reestablishment of exchanging and working licenses. Despite the fact that MNCs are not the same number of as privately established organizations, they structure a significant piece of the monetary biological system in Sudan (Dunning, 2013). The measures that will be set up is to guarantee that the MNCs life is drawn out and making a decent working condition for the multinationals. Multinationals are for the most part influenced by the administration strategies towards their tasks. These remember government tax collection for benefits of multinationals, simplicity of activities and full scale and miniaturized scale financial conditions. Measures and approaches Flood in imports can be cured inside by the legislature. The administration should make charge motivating force gauges with the goal that it might support all the more assembling of inner items to prod sends out. Essentially, imports ought to be imposed with high import obligations and expenses to keep them from bringing in the superfluous merchandise (Dunning, 2013). On account of the SMEs shutting down there are different strategies that can be advanced by the legislature so as to continue the business. Right off the bat, the administration ought to lessen charges on new businesses to urge numerous Sudanese to start privately claimed organizations. Also, the legislature ought to limit the charges required on SMEs to prod development and to support it (Lee-Ross and Lashley, 2011). The legislature ought to likewise give impetuses and advances to the SMEs with the goal for them to endure the fierce monetary atmosphere and the shy budgetary foundations. On joblessness, the legislature ought to figure an arrangement to work with the adolescent. For instance, half of the administration agreements ought to be given to the young people who are for the most part jobless. This will lessen the joblessness as individuals will begin to receive rewards from the legislature. Making a young and womens store to assist the jobless with setting up organizations with government concessionary credits is additionally a decent government strategy (Liu et al., 2007). Ultimately the arrangement on MNCs continuous downfall ought to be managed in this manners; These figures feature the numerous challenges looked by little business people in confronting indebtedness, for the most part because of the absence of assets and legitimate dismissal that even leads them to hazard their own advantages so as to spare In the frantic business. To forestall these likely terminations, Russell Bedford has built up a decalogue with the most significant advances that these independent companies must follow to decipher their money related circumstance and hence abstain from giving the last farewell to their organizations. Requesting accounts is more than covering charges. One of the most widely recognized issues of organizations is the disregard of their records. It is significant that the organization knows consistently in what state are their funds (value, gainfulness, treasury, and so forth.). Make a total scanner of the circumstance of the organization. This will permit a while to be foreseen to a potential indebtedness, sufficient opportunity to take the fundamental measures. Prune before cutting the storage compartment. The decrease of costs ranges from the disposal of pointless running costs until the guideline of work, through conclusion of workplaces. Not so much structure but rather more proficient. For its right activity, an organization needs to have the divisions that are basic and that best adjust to its action (Onida and Viesti, n.d.). An appealing business consistently pulls in accomplices. The absence of financing has directed countless organizations to look for speculators keen on taking an interest in capital. The support of one or a few accomplices is consistently an assurance while haggling with banks and loan bosses. Try not to develop with the cash of others. This was conceivable before the emergency on account of the minimal effort and wealth of credit, yet the current circumstance has demonstrated that numerous business visionaries maintained an unsustainable lifestyle. On the off chance that the business is suitable, it must be conveyed. To do this, prompt on build up a possibility plan for those organizations that have anticipated money related challenges in the coming months and to open that arrangement to their leasers with all out straightforwardness. Face the loan bosses. Just by offering face to the loan bosses will be conceivable to arrive at understandings that permit the endurance, since none is keen on losing clients. Try not to live suffocated. When the installment need between leasers has been built up, the subsequent stage is to set the terms. In the event that the organization can't pay quickly, it must haggle with the loan bosses a schedule (Onida and Viesti, n.d.). Procedure received by any Multinational Corporation (MNC) and Corporate Parent association This paper presents a hypothetical exercise on the subject of coordination systems in worldwide organizations, with accentuation on the structure of the connections between the parent organization and the comparing auxiliaries of those multinationals that are situated in business sectors with unpredictable macroeconomic conditions. In this sense, an unpredictable domain is found in those nations whose monetary and political conditions, a long way from being steady and good, offer a business situation to the auxiliaries introduced in their region wherein they should confront political and financial flimsiness, legitimate uncertainty , Administrative boundaries, monetary approach swings, and an assortment of state controls and guidelines (Price, 2015). This kind of condition is normal to discover in creating nations, as on account of Sudan and other Sub-Saharan countries The coordination systems that are tended to in this examination are explicit to the accompanying hierarchical plan f actors: centralization, formalization and socialization, which are those whose reference is increasingly visit in the writing on global organizations. The articulation structure factors will likewise be utilized to allude to them. Likewise, the typology of), built based on the previously mentioned coordination components and sorting the grid dutiful connections that can be introduced by the intricacy of the earth and the degree of assets that the Subsidiaries. From the writing survey, some hypothetical contentions are introduced on how an unstable domain impacts lattice auxiliary relations and talks about the kind of framework auxiliary structures that could be found by the characterization. Coordination Mechanisms Coordination components in global organizations have been concentrated as a part of universal vital administration since they center around administrative and vital issues looked by the top chiefs of these organizations, specifically, they are searching for approaches to exploit a few exercises simultaneously. Key ramifications of both in your countrys financial development and improvement Incorporating various auxiliaries inside a global is one of the principle issues to unravel inside the structure of a company, by ideals of the various markets where they are available and the correspondence troubles that can emerge; This relies on a very basic level upon two connecting hierarchical procedures: the coordination of exercises and their control. The utilization of these instruments permits the worldwide to lessen the degrees of vulnerability and confirm that the practices started in the various auxiliaries. The structure and technique of a Multinational is extremely lean and doesn't bolster a great deal of staff. In southern Sudan, multinationals structure a major range for investigation. On account of Sudan, the numerous multinationals and their parent associations work in together. They make business chances to local people particularly the adolescent. Be that as it may, it isn't all ruddy. A large number of the multinationals compromise the nation and get their ways without any problem. They compromise the nation that they will leave in the event that they are not rewarded with exceptional contemplations (Pinstrup-Andersen and Watson, 2011). This makes it hard for the administration of Sudan to contend with subject they will end the nations. It is so narrow minded to boyco

Facebook A Report

Question: How and why understudies put unnecessarily of their vitality in Facebook and lacking time on their school contemplates? Answer: Presentation These reports underline how and why understudies put too much of their vitality in Facebook and lacking time on their school examines. Casual people group areas, for instance, Facebook, twitter and LinkedIn has given individuals an approach to introduce them or to communicate their own unpretentious components by partner with various individuals. These goals basically related towards work, associations or social gathering yet most of energetic crowed use these sorts of casual associations to bestow music, visit with colleagues besides to find new jibber jabber, for instance, what occurs on the planet (Birn, Robin, and Patrick Forsyth). Most by far may use these districts to interface with the people that they know and to find new friends. Online casual association, for instance, Facebook has an ability to make singular profile online of themselves and other who are buddies with individual can comment, post highlights, visit and point of view others profiles at whatever point they nee d. Any people who have passage to web can use Facebook; Since Facebook is the most clear online relational association among each age controls, reliably the amount of customers increases. Beside these Facebook focal points there are various things that people accomplish for a case, the people can make singular social affairs considering their own preferred position moreover accumulate to follow each other's nearby with the home normal work by looking at their own status which they posts. Facebook is the most common individual to individual correspondence site which transforms into the overall wonder as far back as couple of years (Brace, Ian). Most of the customers of Facebook are understudies between 18-24 age limit. Regardless, schools and other preparing establishments wherever all through the world are facing without question and progressively practically identical issues as for long range interpersonal communication frameworks that most understudy use in their standard life. Schools envisions that Facebook have transformed into a burden to understudy are execution on examines. Issue Statements The people derive that most understudies the usage of Facebook for a great timespan without concentrating on their examinations besides this issue pulls in broad thought among experts likewise (Chandler, Jon, and Mike Owen). This example has now raised a couple of issues concerning the examinations of the school understudies leaving the instructors a vulnerability whether the understudies have sufficient opportunity to work on their investigations suitably and are they prepared to manage their time capably. Researcher and correspondence scientists have been agreed that moral free for all is a run of the mill reaction to new kinds of correspondence. In the mid 90s, intellectuals portrayed the dispersal of web as confirmation of individuals' extending antagonism from society and open life (Downing, John). The story with casual correspondence goals (SNS, for instance, Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and others are no differing. Unsafe revelation of information, computerized tormenting, oppression, dangerous lead and arriving at hazardous gatherings are yet two or three the worries climbed in the media about the usage of online casual networks. Very nearly 3,000,000 people of nations are by and by taking an intrigue SNSs routinely where by far most of the customers are understudy and the number is extending each day. These inquiries have lead particular affiliations, especially universities to hold audits in order to clear them and have an unquestionable viewpoint as for the time organization of the school understudies. Writing Review Since we are in 21st century, nowadays web based systems administration expect an immense part on understudies' guidance and now universities and various establishments protests that understudies remain longer time of time on internet organizing frameworks without focusing on school considers as much as they used to think previously. Exactly when Facebook was introduced in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, he said this was familiar considering the way that understudies should get with know each other even better today this knowingness has gone excessively far by affecting understudies' educational execution. Right off the bat we will discuss what long range interpersonal communication is; person to person communication is a kind of online media which offers people to lead conversations, sharing, offering moreover bookmarking on the web. There is wide blend of casual associations which we use today. For a delineation, YouTube, Facebook, Emails, LinkedIn and Twitter. These are generally cases w hich we see today that are used by people all around the world to make their customary work more straightforward. Exactly when considering pretty much all these, it has the limit which state that Facebook drives to once-over as it is all that much significant among the people offering little appreciation to the age (Dijk, Jan van). Developed between 18-multi year olds, Facebook is a common person to person communication framework among school understudies. Most school understudies use Facebook to visit with allies anyway there are various things you can do with Facebook since it is in general web based systems administration framework. Facebook is an extensive wellspring of information for understudies, offering correspondence between understudies, giving records and information exchange, and allowing new associates on grounds. Of course, Facebook consolidates a blend of preoccupations, for instance, moving pictures, review profiles, highlights, and photos of buddies, chatting with colleagues, and playing, who brief slowing down and hurts the learning approach (Dwyer, Tim). The current investigation was driven remembering the ultimate objective to take a gander at the effect of Facebook on the understudies' learning procedure in student mentioning assets, for instance, building. In particular, it was away for perceiving various costs and focal points associated with the understudies' usage of Facebook and inquiring about the impact of the schools/schools' Facebook pages on the understudies' use of Facebook for learning purposes. An overview was filled in by school understudies, and Facebook pages of academic associ ations were assessed. Facebook was found to be particularly basic among first year understudies, benefitting their social ingestion in the grounds and their learning sources; anyway these points of interest were decreased for senior year understudies. Regardless, it was seen that social activities on Facebook ate up a great deal of the understudies' chance, in the midst of the surfing and much after, thusly conversely affecting their learning approach. These are couple of preferences that Facebook gives people (Gane, Nicholas, and David Beer). For a case, we can make new buddies who have tantamount eagerness with are school considers, make hoards inside the partners, talk, post photos, post includes moreover comment on others profiles. Most basic thing is that when we use Facebook the tongue bent will push ahead. Exactly when these sorts of points of interest are there most energetic time will pull in to use Facebook and make this an opportunity to make a positive mental self view to them self and further more to general society. Research Objectives Research goals is the most significant advance in planning a statistical surveying plan so the exploration destinations are as per the following Discover what times does understudies use or spent on Facebook. What rouses and draw in understudies to utilize Facebook among age gatherings. To watch their conduct on Facebook by contrasting with college considers. To discover utilization and the recurrence design when understudies use Facebook. To comprehend the results to college understudies while understudies use Facebook. Worldwide perspective on why understudies use Facebook At the point when we talk about globally how long range informal communication frameworks have created in the midst of a short time of time. Facebook alone have 900 million customers around the world. Each and every day people keep exhibiting on Facebook and assessment shows that typical web customers puts more vitality in Facebook than whatever other internet organizing website page like Skype, YouTube, LinkedIn, etc, most understudies copy through 106 min consistently on Facebook and most understudy use Facebook to find new prattle and to converse with friends (Hinton, Sam, and Larissa Hjorth). Since Facebook is an interesting person to person communication framework most understudies put there significant time on Facebook without concentrating on school considers. If we examine the sum Facebook is intriguing among understudy, Facebook was situated as the most evident site in regards to notoriety (Imms, Mike, and Gill Ereaut). One of the goals of the investigation is to find the ti me spending instances of state subsidized school understudies in Facebook. The result shows that in an ordinary day 23.82% understudies goes through more than one hour in Facebook where in the end of the week 27.65% understudies contribute a similar vitality. In the midst of the day understudies using Facebook more than four hour, more than three hour and more than two hour is 13.19%, 19.14% and 20% independently where as in the end of the week these rate are 24.25%, 25.53% and 31.91% independently. Three is a base pace of respondents who are not using Facebook as often as possible in the basic spot day or end of the week. Some of the understudies in structuring consider their to be as inconvenient, complex, and outrageous and obliging a basic hypothesis of time and tries. Thusly, the period of understudies is seen as an excessive resource, which can't be inert by pointless activities on Facebook. The costs and focal points can be different between first year understudies and senior understudies. In the f

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Auditing The Systems / Application Domain For Compliance

Auditing the Systems/Application Domain for Compliance The System/Application Domain The system/application domain consists of mission-critical systems, applications, and data. Common targeted systems and applications are operating systems (desktop, server, and network), e-mail applications and servers, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications and systems, and web browsers. System/application attacks fall within three categories: denial or destruction, alteration, and disclosure. This paper will cover some common system/application domain vulnerabilities: unauthorized physical and logical access to resources, weaknesses in server operating system and application software, and data loss. Unauthorized Physical Access Unauthorized physical access can be defined as gaining access to a physical entity or area without permission from an administrative figure. This type of threat is dangerous when the targets are sensitive areas such as computer rooms, datacenters, or wiring closets because they contain a vast amount of sensitive information. Companies can prevent falling victim to unauthorized physical access by developing and implementing simple policies, standards, procedures, and guidelines for employees as well as guests to follow. Secure all areas containing sensitive systems and/or data. Require staff to follow entrance procedures when entering a secured area. Also ensure that physical data such as important documents are secured. RequireShow MoreRelatedSynopsis Of The Security Comparison1321 Words   |  6 PagesServer. Authorization User resource limits and profiles. Privileges. Roles. Applications Roles. Fine-Grained Access Control. Fixed server, database, and users roles. Ownership and User-schema separation. Least privileges. Role-based. Ownership chains. Data Encryption Key-based transparent data encryption of columns and tablespaces. Internal certificate store manages asymmetric or symmetric keys and certificates. Auditing Enterprise Manager administers various types, records, and trails. SQL ServerRead MoreQuestions On Security Assessment Services1386 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity Assessment Services Checklist and Auditlist related points for an organization called â€Å"Cvent†, whose core business is SaaS and Mobile Application related to System Application Domain. Hence we need to make sure that the application servers are physically and virtually secure and provide round the clock availability and reliable data integrity. There should also be a checklist to ensure due privacy and confidentiality of client data. ïÆ'Ëœ Physical Security The organization should makeRead MoreThe Role Of Internal Audit Departments On The Business Community On How Their Work Adds Value1201 Words   |  5 Pagespublishing this brief overview of the specific benefits and added value provided by an IT audit. To be specific, IT audits may cover a wide range of IT processing and communication infrastructure such as client-server systems and networks, operating systems, security systems, software applications, web services, databases, telecom infrastructure, change management procedures and disaster recovery planning. The sequence of a standard audit starts with identifying risks, then assessing the design of controlsRead MoreDomain 1 : Cloud Computing Architectural Framework1383 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Domain 1: Cloud Computing Architectural Framework. BPI will take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing to rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction of the resources needed. By doing that, BPI will have an efficient scalable environment, low cost fast and fast to deploy. A hybrid Cloud Deployment model with a combination of Public, Private and Community models will be used. The Cloud Service Delivery model will be a combination of SaaSRead MoreCyber Surveillance And Cyber Security Monitoring1021 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Cyber analytics is a branch of analytics that systematically provides the analysis of the data pertaining to the domain of computers and network. It basically, tells the story behind cyber data. Cyber analytics is used to support computer security, computer or network administration, auditing, and several other application areas.† Implementation Cyber Security Monitoring To perform adaptive cyber-security analytics using a computer implemented method that includes receiving a report on a networkRead MoreIS4680 Lab 4 QA1180 Words   |  5 Pagescard numbers, bank account details and other confidential information. Phishing messages usually take the form of fake notifications from banks, providers, e-pay systems and other organizations. These notifications encourage its recipients, to enter/update their personal data. Excuses can vary but usually relate to loss of data, system breakdown, etc. 6. What is the Zero Day Initiative? 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MS-DOS was an operating system without any graphical windows or mouse pad controls. The users had to type in the demand manually. In 1985, Microsoft published the first Windows 1.0 operating system, however, it was not an independent OS, rather a graphical implementation of the MS-DOS commands. Windows 3.1, publishedRead MoreEvaluation And Assessment Of Mechanized Data Handling Frameworks Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pagesinspecting structures or solidifying rules/security agendas utilized by the DoD. How a security evaluation is tending to cut modern day risk, threat and vulnerabilities all through the 7-areas of a common IT framework can help an organization accomplish compliance. Instructions to accumulate and get required data to play out a GLBA Financial Privacy and Safeguards Rules consistency review and what must be secured. The top work station space risk, threat, and vulnerabilities which won t just incorporate likely

Vegan What I could never give up my large chick fil a...

Vegan? What I could never give up my large chick fil a milk shake or 5 guys burger! These thoughts may be floating around in your mind and if you don’t know what vegans means you may just be thinking of stoping at chick~fil~a. Basically a vegan doesnt consume any by product of animals. That includes meat, fish, diary, and poultry. Some take it a step further and don’t by products tested on animals and of course so fur or snake skins. You might think It’s a crazy way to live but once you learn how it reduces pollution, benefits your health, and helps tortured animal you may just become one your self. Being vegan also also reduces pollution in many ways. Having a vegan lifestyle will reduce the methane/ nitrous oxide. This†¦show more content†¦Now you may think well wont the lack of protein hurt my health? No it will not because you will get enough. Protein is extremely high in spinach which is great in smoothies and beans which taste amazing wrapped in lettuce. Actually studies have revealed that too much protein is very harmful for your health because it can strain you kidneys or cling as far.(Blumberg). One study that really impresses me is the one done one men with early stage prostate cancer who adapt a vegan diet may stop or even reverse the progression of the cancer. Another thing you may be wondering about is calcium. How will my bones stay strong if I dont drink my milk. They ways to get your calcium is extremely easy and delicious. Almond milk has fifty percent more calcium then milk does and a cup only has 30 calories! The public is put in the dark about the truth behind factory farming. We have images of large fields with cows grazing, pigs rolling around in mud, and chickens roam around. They have truly taking advantage of the peoples trust in labels such as â€Å"humane† and â€Å"free range†. Lets talk milk, if you take a second to think of the process to produce the amount of milk in demand. More than 9.3 million cows were used to produce milk in the united states alone. Thats 9.3 million moms being essentially raped and then after giving birth having their babyShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Vegetarian On The Vegan Zone Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesTOPIC: Veganism TITLE: Life in the Vegan Zone GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To inform my audience about what it means to be a vegan THESIS: To inform my audience that veganism cannot be simply distinguished through one single characterization, it is a dietary choice, a belief, a compassion that is a catalyst for one’s self, animals and even the environment. I. INTRODUCTION i. A vegan in the U.S. saves 198 animals per year from cruelty, however, that is a very small number comparedRead MoreIs It A Vegan?1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand became a vegan. Slowly but surely, my body healed itself from the inside-out. If one was to ask me about becoming vegan before I knew what benefits it would provide, I would have laughed. I would have told that vegan that I just couldn’t give up my beloved meat, dairy, and eggs but ultimately, I did just that. The transition to Veganism became easier when I accepted the truth of the matter. All of the research I did on the lifestyle led me to the conclusion that becoming a vegan would only benefitRead MoreThe On The Vegan Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vegan Society may have come into the picture 70 years ago, consequently veganism has been around much longer. There is evidence that dates as far as 2,000 years of people choosing to avoid animal products. Veganism is an extreme form of vegetarianism, and thoug h the term was brought to life in 1944, the concept of animal free eating can be traced back to ancient Indian and eastern Mediterranean societies. Researcher have looked back as early as 500 BCE, the Greek philosopher and mathematicianRead MoreBecoming a Vegan1732 Words   |  7 Pages Becoming vegan is a personal lifestyle decision whom many people have influenced as their preferred nutritional intake and can be due to many reasons including long-term health benefits, environmental awareness, ethical concerns and religious beliefs. Many vegans are in fact health conscious and understand the benefits of following such eating patterns. The Vegan diet can be defined as the exclusion of all animal derived foods including meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products from consumptionRead MoreWhy Should Be A Vegan1097 Words   |  5 Pages Why to Become a Vegan A vegan is a person who chooses not to consume any animal byproducts, including: flesh foods, dairy, eggs, and any other products made from or tested on animals. Vegetarianism, however, which can commonly be viewed as the same thing, is far from it. Vegetarians chose only to not consume meat, but they continue to eat other animal byproducts. Most vegans believe that â€Å"Being a vegan is definitely more of a lifestyle choice and a philosophy that a diet† (Medical News Today)Read MoreTaking a Look at Veganism629 Words   |  3 Pagescampus-wide event that is used to educate students, alumni, and the general public about sustainable practices that help the environment. During the final Earthstock celebration, exhibitors from many different organizations, such as EmPower Solar and Vegan Outreach, set up tables displaying information regarding healthy lifestyle practices, alternative diets, and sustainable forms of energy. For this event, I was unfortunately assigned the task of helping other student volunteers and exhibitors checkRead MoreThe Key to Being a Vegan533 Words   |  2 Pageskey to a healthy, nutritionally sound vegan diet is variety. A healthy vegan diet consists of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, whole grains, seeds, and legumes (vrg.org). By excluding animal bi-products, vegans also exclude the unhealthy levels of cholesterol and saturated fats that come with them (veganurbanite.com). Vegans are able to reach all the necessary nutritional requirements for a healthy body. One of the most widely asked questions to vegans is â€Å"Where do you get your protein?†Read MoreLifestyles : Vegan And Omnivore Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesLifestyles: Vegan and Omnivore As different crazes and fads are appearing each day, we have come to expect them to simply fade away as the hype passes. However, veganism has stood the test of time in our fad society and is still increasing in popularity. Originally only thought to be a religious lifestyle, many people from different walks of life are becoming vegans. However, this poses many questions and sparks heated debates, mainly from omnivorous people who believe that veganism is againstRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Vegan Diet2702 Words   |  11 Pagesfirst things that come to a person mind when they hear the word, â€Å"vegan’, are usually protest for animal rights, salads, and a lack of protein, but the question is does he/she really know what being a vegan is all about? Veganism is the practice of abstaining away from the use of any product that uses animals, commonly associated with the cruel treatment of animals and make up thirty-one percent of the population worldwide. An ethical vegan is a form of veganism were a person does not use any productRead MoreVegan Food Presentation1944 Words   |  8 Pagesdecrease during demonstration. However, the last minutes of presentation, even question-answer part, I observed that I was still in the same level of excitement. So I believe that even though some of my classmates may not be interested in preparing vegan sushi, my passion help me to invoke sympathy from my audience. Unlike the persuasive speech, the demonstrational presentation topic must appeal the audience attention because its purpose is to teach a structure, or steps, of a task. For instance, one

Case Synopsis Free Essays

The management at Atlantic Computer had the problem of formulating a pricing strategy for product bundling. This had to be a unique pricing strategy because they were breaking away from the industry practice which was to offer software tools for free. However in this case, the management had decided against this strategy as the use of the software tool would lead to considerable savings on the part of the customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Synopsis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the management believed that if new product marketing and sales did their job right, customers could be persuaded to pay an additional percentage for the PESA software tool. Therefore the center of the problem was clearly to develop the right pricing strategy which would take into consideration the product’s benefits and the current competitive pressures in the market. This was the task given to Jason Jowers, the youngest product manager at Atlantic Computer. The strategy that Jason developed would be tested at the SME trade show. Depending on the test results, the pricing structure could be put into practice. Company overview Atlantic Computer has a long record of operating in the high-end performance servers market. It had been selling Radia to large enterprise consumer servers for the last thirty years. However the management had shifted the strategic focus to basic servers because of the popularity of the Internet technology. This was the reason that Atlantic Computer was introducing Tronn. The head of the server division believed that customers would no longer consider high performance servers and basic servers as substitutes. Therefore, the market had considerable growth potential in terms of basic servers. Atlantic Computer already had a considerable brand reputation in the market from selling high performance servers and the company would be able to capitalize upon this reputation by selling basic servers. The company also had a reputation for responsive post-sales assistance. This was based on customer relationship management and product differentiation. Therefore, the company had a substantial existing customer list which could be capitalized upon to enter the market for basic servers. In this respect the strategy of product differentiation was being implemented in the form of bundling hardware with software. Product overview Atlantic Computer had been selling high performance servers for the last 30 years. Now it was entering a new market with basic servers the functionalities of which were expanded by bundling the hardware with the PESA software tool. The industry practice was that software tools were given away for free. However the management at Atlantic Computer had decided against this strategy because the customers would be able to reduce their operating expenses considerably by using the PESA software tool. Basic servers are used to perform simple, repeatable functions while software tools are used to monitor the health of a server or to enhance the performance of the server. Customers in the web-server and file sharing applications segment would benefit most from the suggested product bundling How to cite Case Synopsis, Papers

Online Marketing

Question: Write an essay on Online marketing. Answer: Online marketing policies help increase the visibility of a brand. It helps to raise consumer awareness about a particular brand. In this regard it can be said that online expansion help assist the brand to have a wider reach, thereby, touching every segment of the society. Therefore, accessibility as an issue is addressed through online portals. This assists a business organization to increase the existing profit margin, thereby, ensuring greater inflow of sales revenue of a business organization. However, inefficient online strategies shall assist a business organization to adversely influence the prosperity as well as the reputation of a sportswear brand. The sportswear industry is dependent on online advertisement and sales promotional policies to assist a business enterprise to operate successfully in the global market. Customized portals are created by the business enterprises to display their products online. Thus, consumers can order products online at their own convenience . This reduces the operational costs of the brand leading to a strong financial position. Business enterprises operating in the sportswear segment like Nike and Adidas offer the convenience to customers to order products online, therefore improving the accessibility factor of the brand. As such, offering a highest traffic is a pertinent indication towards attracting consumer attention as well as the business sustainability of a sportswear brand. Problem statement Online traffics are considered an essential marketing tool to ensure business survival and prosperity in a n intensely competitive market. The traditional manner of shopping of being physically present in a retail store to make the purchase decision process is slowly becoming the less preferred mode of communications in a business entity. Therefore, business enterprises have been emphasizing for the development of online social media tools to attract potential consumers towards the brand. It is also less cheap than the traditional mode of shopping in attracting consumers towards the brand. In addition, it results in greater visibility and awareness of customers towards a brand. As such, when compared to the traditional mode of shopping it is far more effective in achieving greater sales revenue and market share for the brand. Therefore, online shopping has to be assessed accordingly in the context of the existing market situation. However online shopping has its fair share of issues in a business enterprise. In instances, there was no pertinent action that was taken inspite of negative consumer reviews. Thus, customer feedback should be adequately considered to have a positive influence on the annual sales revenue of a sportswear business entity. Research Objective/ Questions The research objective is to evaluate the impact of online portals on the sales of sportswear products. In addition it seeks to evaluate the existing trends in the online promotion of products . The following are the research questions of the case study. What are the primary attributes affecting consumer behaviour in online shopping How effective is the existing online shopping portals in achieving a greater sales revenue What are the pertinent recommendations that can be made to address the issues affecting online shopping of sportswear products Research Justification The research study seeks to compare the merits of online shopping against the traditional manner of shopping where customers are required to be physically present in a store. Online shopping has gained popularity among the consumers in the recent years. The research study seeks to evaluate the advantage and issues of online sales on a business entitys financial position. In addition, the study seeks to analyze consumer behavior and perceptions towards online selling platforms. As such, it remains pertinent to analyze the issues affecting as well as the merits that an online selling platform brings to a sportswear business entity. Therefore, the amount of traffic generated by a business portal indicates the amount of consumer interest and loyalty to a particular brand. Expected Research Outcome Robson and McCartan (2016) mentioned that the Expected Research outcome relates to the effectiveness of online shopping against the conventional method of shopping of being physically present in a retail store. Besides, this study shall evaluate certain issues in online shopping like safety and security of consumers and the presence of malicious software that can adversely influence online shopping. These issues shall be highlighted in the research process, with the additional merits that is offered to consumers when buying goods online. Bryman. and Bell (2015) stated that the research study primarily seeks to recognize the distinct advantages of online buying of goods to consumers as well as the business organization . Thus, it will recognize the advantages the procedure brings in to assist a sportswear business entity in its growth. Besides, this the research project seeks to identify the existing trends in the sportwear segment adopted by reputed sportswear business enterprise lik e Adidas, Nike to enhance its sales revenue and have a wider reach as a brand . Conceptual Framework The web portals have assisted business enterprises to offer exclusive information to business enterprises. Thus, the online portals have facilitated data gathering and sharing. In addition, sportswear business entities have developed interpersonal relationships with consumers, thereby facilitating consumer loyalty. This has also prevented accessibility issues from hampering the business sustainability of a sportswear brand. Due to enhanced accessibility, consumers are directly able to purchase goods online without being physically present in a retail store. Thus, online selling platforms have negated any geographical gap or barriers from restricting the sales procedure of a particular brand. Due to these attributes, online shopping has been able to develop a positive perception on consumer loyalty, leading to increased sales of the business organization. Research Hypothesis The following is the research hypothesis depending on the research objectives as well as the problem statement. Ho: Online selling platforms have distinct advantages to both buyers and sellers when compared to the conventional method of shopping, thereby ensuring greater inflow of sales revenue H1: Online platforms do not have a considerable influence on the sales revenue of a business organization. Research Methodology The research paradigms have been stated in this chapter. The choice of research paradigms is made depending on the aims and objectives of the study as well as the nature of data collected for the purpose of the study. This chapter mentions the research design, research philosophy, research approach. Besides this, it includes the data gathering procedure as well as the selection of the sample size. Research philosophy In this study a positivism research philosophy is chosen to attain the research goals and objectives .Elzinga et al. ( 2012) mentioned that a positivism approach selected would help to gather detailed information about the influence of online selling platform on the financial strength of a retail entity . In addition, positivism would emphasize on the facts pertaining to the research study and would enable the business enterprise to draw necessary conclusions about the research procedure. Research Design: Descriptive Bukhari and Qudous (2012) noted that the research design can be classified into three types descriptive, exploratory as well as explanatory. The research design facilitates the researcher to attain the research objectives of the study. In this regard. Zarif (2012) noted that it can be said that detailed information shall be required to analyze the e implications of online sales on the business sustainability of a sportswear entity. In addition, it would be able to gather necessary facts to overcome the issues related to online selling platforms. Besides this, it would enable a business enterprise to evaluate consumer behavior and perceptions towards online sales of retail goods. Bukhari and Qudous (2012) stated that a descriptive research design enables a business enterprise to collect gather data in a detailed manner, which shall enable the researcher substantially to successfully complete the research study. Research Approach A research approach shall be composed of two types inductive and deductive. A deductive research approach is selected to assist the researcher to deal with the research process in a detailed manner. According to Collis and Hussey (2013), , a deductive research approach shall assist the researcher to evaluate both primary and secondary data to draw required conclusions. In this regard, it can be said that consumer feedback as well as different websites and business journals shall enable the researcher to come to necessary conclusions about the impact of online selling platforms as well as advertising and promotional policies on the sales revenue of sportswear products in a business enterprise. Saunders, et al. (2012) noted that an inductive research approach shall not be effective in assessing the necessity of online selling platforms. As such, this approach shall provide a brief on the online selling activities and consumer behavior and perceptions in the sportswear segment. Data Type - The data collected shall be classified into two types which are primary as well as secondary data. Zikmund et al. (2012) mentioned that the secondary data relates to past publications and journal relating to online selling Also, the internet will be an effective source to gather secondary data. This would assist the researcher to have a proper view about the existing trends followed in the sportswear industry. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2015) mentioned that the primary data is gathered through collective responses of employees as well as customers of different sportswear brands. It is expected that different opinions relating to online selling shall enable a researcher to attain a perspective on online sales and its merits as well as demerits in achieving greater sales in the market. Sample Size A sample size of 50 customers and 6 mangers working in established sportswear brands shall be selected to assist the researcher in coming to conclusions. Authentic opinion from customers shall be a valuable source of information to the researcher in the case study . Khan et al (2012) mentioned that Consumer buying behavior and preferences would be judged in the context of online selling platforms. The researcher will motivate consumers to share their honest opinions about online sales and its implications on the business performance of the brand, in the context of the global market. Sampling choice The sampling choice can be sub-divided into probability and non-probability method of sampling. According to Spieth et al. (2013) mentioned that the non- probability-sampling method considers the entire consumer population as one sample. In this regard, it can be said that that considering the entire population as one sample can be impractical as well as time-consuming . Farahbod et al. (2012) mentioned that the simple random method of sampling can be used for the purpose of the research study . Thus, it would be impractical to consider the simple random sampling procedure to evaluate the consumers and the opinion of the managers. Besides this, the purposive method of sampling can also be used to evaluate the existing conditions of a business enterprise. Hair Jr (2015) mentioned that the purposive method of sampling can also e be used to gather knowledge from people having accurate concept of online selling platform adopted by sportswear business entities. Data gathering procedure Data has been gathered from both primary as well as secondary sources. According to Zott. and Amit (2013) , the data gathering process can take a kot of time and this can adversely influence the research study . The set of quantative questionnaire can be sent to the clients and this would be evaluated based on excel charts. Aral et al. (2013) stated that data shall be represented through excel charts and would assist the business organization in the case of gathering data relating to the impact of online sales on the business performance of a sportswear entity Data would be gathered from the employees of the organization as well as the consumers . Thus, it can be expected that data gathered would represent the different opinions from the different sections of the society. Wilson (2014) mentioned that secondary data would be collected from relevant websites, journals and magazines. Marketing books by reputed authors would assist the researcher to collect appropriate pertaining to the research topic. It can be said that such data would be a valuable source of information to the research procedure. Ethical Considerations Boons and Ldeke-Freund (2013) mentioned that it is the responsibility of the researcher to bring in honesty and transparency to the whole procedure . Thus, the researcher has to ensure that participants are encouraged at act as per their own free will. There should be no coercion or undue pressure put on the participants in the research procedure. In addition, company data shall not be disclosed in any manner. It is the primary responsibility of the researcher to ensure that participants are put their hones and unbiased opinions about the influence of online sales, in the context of the sportswear industry, Organization study Following is the organization of the study. Chapter 1 This would include the research proposal as prepared in the assignment. Chapter 2 - The case study relating to the impact of online sales on the performance of a business study in, the context of a sportswear business enterprise. Chapter 3 - This shall include the methodology techniques used in preparing the research study . The procedure to gather data, choice of method used to interpret data collected as well as analyzing the sample size used to support the research study. Chapter 4 - The following chapter shall report the findings and the necessary analysis of the research procedure. Here, both a primary as well as secondary data would be considered to frame the necessary procedures through pertinent analysis and findings of the research study . Chapter 5 - In this chapter, the researchers would draw the required conclusions and provide pertinent recommendations. This section is essential from the point of view of the research s study to make the research process effective. Gantt chart Research Activities 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 5th week 6th week 7th Week Selection of topic Data gathering from secondary sources Developing Layooutrt Literature review Establishment of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data gathering Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Appropriate Findings Conclusion Establishment of Draft Submission of Final work The Gnatt chart represents the timetable for the research study. In addition, it represents the adequate resources that would be required for the purpose of the study. In the first week of the study, the researcher shall have to deal with the choosing of the research topic as per the needs of the study. In this case, the influence of the online sales on the business performance of a brand is selected. The second week of the research procedure shall deal with the collection of data from different sources. This relates to the gathering of requisite data as per the primary and secondary data relating to the topic. The third week establishes the research process layout, which establishes the research objectives and the goals. This stage compares the online marketing policies as against the traditional method of shopping. The fourth week is the starting of the primary data gathering procedure. These relates to interviewing of employees and the managers of a sportswear business enterprise. The fifth week deals with the analysis of the findings of the research process as per the goals s and objectives of the research procedure. In the sixth week, the appropriate findings of the research procedure are stated. As such, necessary conclusions are drawn as per the research procedure. The development draft of the organization would be as per the goals of the organization. The final work submission should be done in the seventh week of the research procedure. Project budget justification The project budget would be established at $880 in order to complete the research process within a required period Following are the reasons that the above budget would be required to frame the operational policies of a business enterprise. The preparation of the literature review would take substantial amount of cost as this would the gathering of appropriate textbooks, online resources as well as journal articles. These would require substantial resources for effective evaluation of the background of the study Data shall be gathered through the surveys as well as questionnaires shall have travelling and printing. In addition, there shall be mailing and interview costs as well to assist the researcher in its study. These factors are a pertinent part in the study and as such this would assist the research study in fulfilling the research aims and objectives. To develop charts and tables, the researcher shall have to allocate a budget for the organization. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issue-social media and business transformation: A framework for research.Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp.3-13.CH IN BUSINESS. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. and Planken, B., 2013. What is Business Discourse? (pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, pp.9-19. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Bukhari, S.A.J. and Qudous, R.A., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS. Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2013. Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Elzinga, D.J., Gulledge, T.R. and Lee, C.Y. eds., 2012. Business process engineering: Advancing the state of the art. Springer Science Business Media. Elzinga, D.J., Gulledge, T.R. and Lee, C.Y. eds., 2012. Business process engineering: Advancing the state of the art. Springer Science Business Media. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015. Qualitative methods in business research. Sage. Farahbod, F., Azadehdel, M., Rezaei-Dizgah, M. and Nezhadi-Jirdehi, M., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEAR Foss, N.J. and Knudsen, C., 2013. Towards a competence theory of the firm. Routledge. Hair Jr, J.F., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. and Page, M.J., 2015. Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. Khan, I., Ghauri, T.A., Majeed, S. and Campus, B., 2012. INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS. future, 4(3). Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2013. Designing business models and similar strategic objects: the contribution of IS. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(5), p.237. Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., OHare, A., Nightingale, P. and Stirling, A., 2012. How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between innovation studies and business management. Research Policy,41(7), pp.1262-1282. Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., OHare, A., Nightingale, P. and Stirling, A., 2012. How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between innovation studies and business management. Research Policy, 41(7), pp.1262-1282. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016. Real world research. Wiley. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Lewis, P., 2012. Doing research in business and management: An essential guide to planning your project. Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Spieth, P., Tidd, J., Matzler, K., Schneckenberg, D. and Vanhaverbeke, W., 2013. Special issue on business model innovationeditorial note. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(01), p.1302001. Wilson, J., 2014. Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage. Zarif, T., 2012. Grounded theory method: An overview. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(5), p.969. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2012. Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Zott, C. and Amit, R., 2013. The business model: A theoretically anchored robust construct for strategic analysis. Strategic Organization, 11(4), pp.403-411.

Biography of Banastre Tarleton, British General

Biography of Banastre Tarleton, British General Banastre Tarleton (August 21, 1754–January 15, 1833) was a British Army officer during the American Revolution who became notorious for his actions in the southern theater of the war. He gained his reputation for brutality following the Battle of Waxhaws, where he reputedly had American prisoners killed. Tarleton later led part of Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army and was crushed at the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781. Remaining active until the end of the war, he was captured following the British surrender at Yorktown that October. Fast Facts: Banastre Tarleton Known For: American RevolutionBorn: August 21, 1754 in Liverpool, EnglandParents: John TarletonDied: January 15, 1833 in Leintwardine, EnglandEducation: Middle Temple in London and University College at Oxford UniversityPublished Works:  A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North AmericaSpouse(s): Mary Robinson (not married, long term relationship ca. 1782–1797) Susan Priscilla Bertie (m. December 17, 1798–his death in 1833)Children: Illegitimate daughter with Kolima, (1797–1801) Banina Georgiana Tarleton Early Life Banastre Tarleton was born August 21, 1754, in Liverpool, England, the third child of John Tarleton, a prominent merchant with extensive ties in the American colonies and the slave trade. John Tarleton served as the mayor of Liverpool in 1764 and 1765, and, holding a position of prominence in the city, Tarleton saw that his son received an upper-class education including studying the law at Middle Temple in London and University College at Oxford University. Upon his fathers death in 1773, Banastre Tarleton received 5,000 British pounds but promptly lost most of it gambling at Londons notorious Cocoa Tree club. In 1775, he sought a new life in the military and purchased a commission as a coronet (second lieutenant) in the 1st Kings Dragoon Guards. Taking to military life, Tarleton proved a skilled horseman and displayed strong leadership skills. Early Career In 1775, Tarleton obtained permission to leave the 1st Kings Dragoon Guards and proceeded to North America as a volunteer with Cornwallis. As part of a force arriving from Ireland, he took part in the failed attempt to capture Charleston, South Carolina in June 1776. Following the British defeat at the Battle of Sullivans Island, Tarleton sailed north where the expedition joined General William Howes army on Staten Island. During the New York Campaign that summer and fall he earned a reputation as a daring and effective officer. Serving under Colonel William Harcourt of the 16th Light Dragoons, Tarleton achieved fame on December 13, 1776. While on a scouting mission, Tarletons patrol located and surrounded a house in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, where American Major General Charles Lee was staying. Tarleton was able to compel Lees surrender by threatening to burn the building down. In recognition of his performance around New York, he earned a promotion to major. Charleston Waxhaws After continuing to provide able service, Tarleton was given command of a newly formed  mixed force of cavalry and light infantry known as the British Legion and Tarletons Raiders in 1778. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, his new command was largely comprised of Loyalists and at its largest numbered around 450 men. In 1780, Tarleton and his men sailed south to Charleston, South Carolina, as part of General Sir Henry Clintons army.   Landing, they aided in the siege of the city and patrolled the surrounding area in search of American troops. In the weeks before Charlestons fall on May 12, Tarleton won victories at Moncks Corner (April 14) and Lenuds Ferry (May 6). On May 29, 1780, his men fell upon 350 Virginia Continentals led by Colonel Abraham Buford. In the ensuing Battle of Waxhaws, Tarletons men butchered Bufords command, despite an American attempt to surrender, killing 113 and capturing 203. Of the captured men, 150 were too wounded to move and were left behind. Known as the Waxhaws Massacre to the Americans, it, along with his cruel treatment of the populace, cemented Tarletons image as a heartless commander. Through the remainder of 1780, Tarletons men pillaged the countryside instilling fear and earning him the nicknames Bloody Ban and Butcher. With Clintons departure after the capture of Charleston, the Legion remained in South Carolina as part of Cornwallis army. Serving with this command, Tarleton took part in the victory over Major General Horatio Gates at Camden on August 16. In the weeks that followed, he sought to suppress the guerrilla operations of Brigadier Generals Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter, but with no success. Marion and Sumters careful treatment of civilians earned them their trust and support, while Tarletons behavior alienated all those he encountered. Cowpens Instructed by Cornwallis in January 1781 to destroy an American command led by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, Tarleton rode west seeking the enemy. Tarleton found Morgan at an area in western South Carolina known as the Cowpens. In the battle that followed on January 17, Morgan conducted a well-orchestrated double envelopment that effectively destroyed Tarletons command and routed him from the field. Fleeing back to Cornwallis, Tarleton fought in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse and later commanded raiding forces in Virginia. During a foray to Charlottesville, he unsuccessfully attempted to capture Thomas Jefferson and several members of the Virginia legislature. Later War Moving east with Cornwallis army in 1781, Tarleton was given command of the forces at Gloucester Point, across the York River from the British position at Yorktown. Following the American victory at Yorktown and Cornwallis capitulation in October 1781, Tarleton surrendered his position. In negotiating the surrender, special arrangements had to be made to protect Tarleton due to his unsavory reputation. After the surrender, the American officers invited all of their British counterparts to dine with them but specifically forbade Tarleton from attending. He later served in Portugal and Ireland. Politics Returning home in 1781, Tarleton entered politics and was defeated in his first election for Parliament. In 1782, after returning to England and supposedly on a bet with her current lover, Tarleton seduced Mary Robinson, ex-mistress of the Prince of Wales and a talented actress and poet: they would have a 15-year relationship, but never married and had no surviving children. In 1790, he won the election and went to London to serve as a member of Parliament for Liverpool. During his 21 years in the House of Commons, Tarleton largely voted with the opposition and was an ardent supporter of the slave trade. This support was largely due to his brothers and other Liverpudlian shippers involvement in the business. Mary Robinson wrote his speeches after he became a member of Parliament. Later Career and Death With Mary Robinsons assistance, in 1787 Tarleton wrote Campaigns of 1780–1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America, an apologia for his failings in the American Revolution, on which he blamed  Cornwallis. Despite Robinsons active role in his life by the late 18th century, Tarletons growing political career forced him to abruptly end his relationship with her. On December 17, 1798, Tarleton married Susan Priscilla Bertie, an illegitimate daughter of Robert Bertie, the 4th Duke of Lancaster. Tarleton had no surviving children in either relationship; although he did have an illegitimate daughter (Banina Georgiana Tarleston, 1797–1801) with a woman known as Kolima. Tarleton was made a general in 1812, and in 1815, he was created a Baronet and received a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1820. Tarleton died in London on January 25, 1833.

Frigate USS Chesapeake in the War of 1812

Frigate USS Chesapeake in the War of 1812 USS Chesapeake was one of the original six frigates constructed for the U.S. Navy. Entering service in 1800, the ship carried 38 guns and saw service during the with Quasi-War with France and the campaign against the Barbary pirates. In 1807, Chesapeake was attacked by HMS Leopard (50 guns) over the practice of impressment of sailors in what became known as the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. Active in the War of 1812, Chesapeake was defeated and captured by HMS Shannon (38) on June 1, 1813. The ship served as HMS Chesapeake until 1819. Background With the United States separation from Great Britain after the American Revolution, the American merchant marine no longer enjoyed the security provided by the Royal Navy when at sea. As a result, its ships made easy targets for pirates and other raiders such as the Barbary corsairs. Aware that a permanent navy would need to be created, Secretary of War Henry Knox requested American shipbuilders submit plans for six frigates in late 1792. Worried about cost, debate raged in Congress for over a year until funding was finally obtained through the Naval Act of 1794. Calling for the building of four 44-gun and two 36-gun frigates, the act was put into effect and construction assigned to various cities. The designs selected by Knox were those of renowned naval architect Joshua Humphreys. Aware that the United States could not hope to build a navy of equal strength to Britain or France, Humphreys created large frigates that could best any similar vessel, but were fast enough to escape enemy ships-of-the-line. The resulting vessels were long, with wider than usual beams and possessed diagonal riders in their framing to increase strength and prevent hogging. Construction Originally intended to be a 44-gun frigate, Chesapeake was laid down at Gosport, VA in December 1795. Construction was overseen by Josiah Fox and superintended by Flamborough Head veteran Captain Richard Dale. Progress on the frigate was slow and in early 1796 construction was halted when a peace accord was reached with Algiers. For the next two years, Chesapeake remained on the blocks at Gosport. With the beginning of the Quasi-War with France in 1798, Congress authorized work to resume. Returning to work, Fox found that a shortage of timber existed as much of Gosports supply had been shipped to Baltimore for the completion of USS Constellation (38). Aware of Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stodderts desire to have the vessel completed quickly and never a supporter of Humphreys design, Fox radically redesigned the ship. The result was a frigate that was the smallest of the original six. USS Chesapeake. US Navy As Foxs new plans reduced the overall cost of the vessel, they were approved by Stoddert on August 17, 1798. The new plans for Chesapeake saw the frigates armament reduced from 44 guns to 36. Considered an oddity due to its differences relative to its sisters, Chesapeake was deemed an unfortunate ship by many. Launched on December 2, 1799, an additional six months were required to complete it. Commissioned on May 22, 1800, with Captain Samuel Barron in command, Chesapeake put to sea and transported currency from Charleston, SC to Philadelphia, PA. USS Chesapeake (1799) OverviewNation: United StatesBuilder: Gosport Navy YardAuthorized: March 27, 1794Launched: December 2, 1799Commissioned: May 22, 1800Fate: Captured by HMS Shannon, June 1, 1813SpecificationsShip Type: FrigateDisplacement: 1,244 tonsLength: 152.6 ft.Beam: 41.3 ft.Draft: 20 ft.Complement: 340Armament (War of 1812)29 x 18 pdr18 x 32 pdr2 x 12 pdr1 x 12 pdr carronade Early Service After serving with an American squadron off the southern coast and in the Caribbean, Chesapeake captured its first prize, the French privateer La Jeune Creole (16), on January 1, 1801, after a 50-hour chase. With the end of the conflict with France, Chesapeake was decommissioned on February 26 and placed in ordinary. This reserve status proved brief as a resumption of hostilities with the Barbary States led to the frigate being reactivated in early 1802. Made the flagship of an American squadron, led by Commodore Richard Morris, Chesapeake sailed for the Mediterranean in April and arrived at Gibraltar on May 25. Remaining abroad until early April 1803, the frigate took part in American operations against the Barbary pirates but was plagued by issues such as a rotted mast and bowsprit. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Laid up at the Washington Navy Yard in June 1803, Chesapeake remained idle for nearly four years. In January 1807, Master Commandant Charles Gordon was tasked with preparing the frigate for use as Commodore James Barrons flagship in the Mediterranean. As work progressed on Chesapeake, Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair was sent ashore to recruit a crew. Among those who signed on were three sailors who had deserted from HMS Melampus (36). Though alerted to the status of these men by the British ambassador, Barron refused to return them as they had been forcibly impressed into the Royal Navy. Dropping down to Norfolk in June, Barron began provisioning Chesapeake for its voyage. On June 22, Barron departed Norfolk. Loaded with supplies, Chesapeake was not in fighting trim as the new crew was still stowing equipment and preparing the vessel for active operations. Leaving port, Chesapeake passed a British squadron which was blockading two French ships at Norfolk. HMS Leopard fires on USS Chesapeake. US Naval History and Heritage Command A few hours later, the American frigate was chased down by HMS Leopard (50), commanded by Captain Salusbury Humphreys. Hailing Barron, Humphreys requested Chesapeake carry dispatches to Britain. A normal request, Barron agreed and one of Leopards lieutenants rowed across to the American ship. Coming aboard, he presented Barron with orders from Vice Admiral George Berkeley which stated he was to search Chesapeake for deserters. Barron promptly refused this request and the lieutenant departed. A short time later, Leopard hailed Chesapeake. Barron was unable to understand Humphreys message and moments later Leopard fired a shot across Chesapeakes bow before delivering a full broadside into the frigate. Barron ordered the ship to general quarters, but the cluttered nature of the decks made this difficult. As Chesapeake struggled to prepare for battle, the larger Leopard continued to pound the American ship. After enduring fifteen minutes of British fire, during which Chesapeake responded with only one shot, Barron struck his colors. Coming aboard, the British removed four sailors from Chesapeake before departing. In the incident, three Americans were killed and eighteen, including Barron, were wounded. Badly battered, Chesapeake limped back to Norfolk. For his part in the affair, Barron was court-martialed and suspended from the US Navy for five years. A national humiliation, the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair led to a diplomatic crisis and President Thomas Jefferson banned all British warships from American ports. The affair also led to the Embargo Act of 1807 which devastated the American economy. War of 1812 Repaired, Chesapeake later saw patrol duty enforcing the embargo with Captain Stephen Decatur in command. With the beginning of the War of 1812, the frigate was fitting out at Boston in preparation to sail as part of squadron consisting of USS United States (44) and USS Argus (18). Delayed, Chesapeake remained behind when the other ships sailed and did not leave port until mid-December. Commanded by Captain Samuel Evans, the frigate conducted a sweep of the Atlantic and captured six prizes before arriving back at Boston on April 9, 1813. In poor health, Evans left the ship the following month and was replaced by Captain James Lawrence. Captain James Lawrence, USN. US Naval History and Heritage Command Battle with HMS Shannon Taking command, Lawrence found the ship in poor condition and the crews morale low as enlistments were expiring and their prize money was tied up in court. Working to appease the remaining sailors, he also began recruiting to fill out the crew. As Lawrence worked to ready his ship, HMS Shannon (38), commanded by Captain Philip Broke, began blockading Boston. In command of the frigate since 1806, Broke had built Shannon into a crack ship with an elite crew. On May 31, after learning that Shannon had moved closer to the harbor, Lawrence decided to sail out and battle the British frigate. Putting to sea the next day, Chesapeake, now mounting 50 guns, emerged from the harbor. This corresponded to a challenge sent by Broke that morning, though Lawrence never received the letter. Though Chesapeake possessed a larger armament, Lawrences crew was green and many had yet to train on the ships guns. HMS Shannon leads the captured USS Chesapeake into Halifx harbor, June 1813. Library and Archives Canada (Public Domain) Flying a large banner proclaiming Free Trade and Sailors Rights, Chesapeake met the enemy around 5:30 p.m. approximately twenty miles east of Boston. Nearing, the two ships exchanged broadsides and soon after became entangled. As Shannons guns began sweeping Chesapeakes decks, both captains gave the order to board. Shortly after issuing this order, Lawrence was mortally wounded. His loss and Chesapeakes bugler failing to sound the call led the Americans to hesitate. Surging aboard, the Shannons sailors succeeded in overwhelming Chesapeakes crew after bitter fighting. In the battle, Chesapeake lost 48 killed and 99 wounded while Shannon suffered 23 killed and 56 wounded. Repaired at Halifax, the captured ship served in the Royal Navy as HMS Chesapeake until 1815. Sold four years later, many of its timbers were used in the Chesapeake Mill in Wickham, England.

Black Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Black Theology - Essay Example In the midst of this turbulent period, a relatively unknown theologian from a rural town in Arkansas emerged to confront the abstract and irrelevant definitions of white mainstream theology and to speak to the social conditions of black Americans. James Cone has been called "the father" of black theology, "the leading exponent of black theology," and the "premier black theologian" (Burrow, 1993, p. 1). Grenz and Olson (1992, p. 206) acknowledge, "Cone was able to emerge as an important voice for the new Black theology in part because he shared the plight of Blacks through his upbringing in the South. This qualified him to understand their feelings and speak on their behalf. At the same time, his voice was significant because he had obtained the academic credentials necessary to gain a hearing in the largely White-dominated theological circle." Cone wrote the first systematic treatment of black theology. His books, articles, and lectures launched black liberation theology into the national and international theological arena. As Hopkins (2002, p. 16) argues, "I believe he was the first person in the history of the United States to position liberation of the poor as the central and foundational preaching and teaching of Jesus And Cone was one of two people in the world to first write books on liberation theology." To better contextualise this assessment, it would be pertinent to point out that Hopkins (2002, p. 14) defines black liberation theology as "the name given to a movement created by a group of African American pastors in the late 1960s who felt that the gospel of Jesus Christ had a positive message for black people." Arguably, there were three historic events that provided the context for the formation of black theology as a movement: (1) the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, associated with Martin Luth er King Jr., (2) the publication of Joseph Washington's book, Black Religion: The Negro and Christianity in the United States (1964), and (3) the rise of the black power movement, strongly influenced by Malcolm X's philosophy of black nationalism (Burrow, 1993). In the 1960s, the notoriety of the civil rights movement emerged under the leadership and direction of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He confronted racism and discrimination using a social-oriented theology and a nonviolent method of protest. His pastoral concern and academic training gave a theological and biblical voice to the debilitating implications of racial oppression. Second, Joseph Washington's (1964) book Black Religion was one of the major writings to argue that black religion is not identical to white Protestantism or any other expression of Euro-American Christianity. "Rejecting the thesis of earlier studies that viewed Black religion as one aspect of the broader category of North American Protestantism, Washington asserted that it was actually a distinctive phenomenon in North American religious life" (Grenz and Olson, 1992, p. 204). Finally, with the influence of Malcolm X, phrases like "black nationalism," "black pride," and "black power" emerged to raise black consciousn ess and reclaim black identity in American society. The three historical benchmarks - the civil rights movement, Black Religion, and the black power movement -provided the conte

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors Research Paper

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors - Research Paper Example The solubility of water in most hydrocarbon jet fuels often decreases by roughly 2 ppm v/v per 1 °C. In this regard, the dissolved water components of the jet fuel may freeze to form tiny ice crystals and blocking fuel feeds, enhance corrosion as well as supporting microbial growth. A number of plane crash incidences attributed to fuel starvation due to icing have been recorded. For example, during extended high latitude flights, fuel temperatures often fall to extremely low levels thereby causing the water components of the jet fuel to freeze. In most cases, the ice crystals thus formed may not only clog jet fuel filters but can also lodge into the fuel with potential implications such as engine malfunction or flameout (Repetto et al., 2013, p.556). However, there are currently a number of possibilities of effective elimination of the potential hazards associated with jet fuel water contamination. According to Trohalaki and Pachter (2009, p.79), although the application of organic molecules as potential dehydrating agent remains underutilized due to their complex chemical refining requirements, a number of organic molecules with efficient dehydrating properties such as ortho esters, ketals, hemiketals, acetals, hemiacetals are increasingly being seen as potential candidates for the development of novel and effective fuel dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII). This research proposal investigates the feasibility of using stereoelectronic effects of organic molecules such as ortho-esters in the management of both jet fuel water contamination as well as ice formation in jet engines during high altitude flights. Stereoelectronic effects play a critical role in the hydrolytic processes of the organic water scavenging molecules such as ortho esters (Chiang et al., 2003, p.58). According to many experts, orthoesters are organic molecules that contain a functional group consisting of three alkoxy groups attached to one of the carbon atoms. Orthoesters generally work as water scavengers by getting rapidly hydrolysed when in contact with the free water thereby acting as an ace inhibitor.  Ã‚  

The Role Of Marketing In A Consumer Society Marketing Essay

The Role Of Marketing In A Consumer Society Marketing Essay This report will use Apple Inc as a case study to underline the importance of what is the role of marketing in a consumer society? Also there will be critique of different theorist such as Jean Bauldriard, Raymond William and Stuart Hall to for the marketing concepts. The modern definitions and history of Marketing; During 18th and 19 century Marketers realized that consumers are buying products for the sake of their desires and satisfaction, where as before only selling a product was important and not the need and satisfaction of the customer. When companies realized the needs and want of the customers then they started to change rapidly and started to create an image in customers mind by using advertising/promotion. Technological and social changes are included in this change. Nowadays marketing defined as involving product development, distribution, pricing and communication. Also in developed firms, continuous attention to the development of new products with product modifications and services to meet the changing needs of customers. Peter Drucker states that The aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous as most companies doing marketing to distribute information to seek attention and persuade customers to purchase. As a result we can say that marketing is a process that aims to understand and satisfy the needs of a customer to make sales and maximise revenue. Marketing is not advertising, it is one of the component within marketing, which is used to inform consumers about product or services provided. This report will use marketing techniques and strategies apply it to Apple inc. to explore the concept of marketing and its role in consumer society. Raymond Williams highlighted about advertisement in the Magic System theory, that advertising doesnt means of only selling goods/products. However, advertising in its modern forms operate to maintain the consumption ideal from criticism, that consumption does not address social needs. Consumer society is when people buy new goods and services, it can also be said as consumer behaviour in terms of demand is constantly changing especially for the goods that they do not need, and which leaves high value on owning many things. We are all participants in an existing phenomenon that has been variously called a consumerist culture and a consumer society. Consumerism is a social and economic method that is based on the systematic creation and encouragement of desire to purchase goods and services in increasingly amount. To say that some people have consumerist attitudes or values means that they always want to consume more. The theory states that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial. In long-term historical and social factors influencing consumption. Jean Baudrillard stated the consumption theory in his (The Consumer Society) book, that consumption has become the most important basis of the social order. He explores how consumer products, rather t han modern decisions such as class, made up a system of signs that differentiated the population and those meanings related with products being delivered to customers via. Apple Inc.http://www.hotstocked.com/articles-img/small/apple-inc.jpg Apple Inc is an American multinational company established on April 1st 1976, which designs and produces consumer electronics such as iPones, iPods, iPads and iMacbook and software products and its best known for its computer hardware products including Macintosh personal computer line, Mac OS X, extremely loyal user-base, iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The companies head office is based in Cupertino, California. CEO and co-founder is Steve Jobs. Apples popularity increased more in late 1970s with its interesting, forceful and inviting advertisements to inspire individuals. In 1990s Apples advertisements were at the top with the Think Different campaign, it owned its popularity by using famous people in their adverts. Apple has achieved its high targets in its development and growth in 2007 when they first created iPhone, which has changed the fortune of the company. The iPod, iTunes, iPhone and new great Mac computers became the most popular and profitable devices ever for Apple. Apples Marketing Strategies and Techniques Apple has gained successful image in past couple of years with their creative, fresh and progressive way of making business, they create great style and designs, great strategy, innovative marketing, smooth and tempting communications. Apples seductive success is owned by their iPhone, iTunes and iPod products. All these products have presented a combination of an immense hardware, perfect style, and great software, expeditious and speedy performance with a good e-business service. (2007, 2010 Venrtygo team)steve jobs apple computers Apple has exceeded $160 billion in 2008, $210 billion in 2010 and in January 2011 they exceeded $302.47 billion in market capitalization, as Apple Inc. shares has increased by more than seven points. They made huge differences in the market shares and this implies that consumers are more aware of the products, and the right marketing strategy used has reached to right consumers. Apples has made extraordinary campaigns in communication with consumers and extremely modified marketing strategy with particular target section of the market. They appeal to customers needs and wants directly with their great communication, the distribution network and with their quality and price ratios. Apples has several key strategies in marketing which made them successful and come to top of their game in a way like no other. Apple always managed to extend their experience and created a tribe. Apple also communicates in the language of their audience; Apple tries to give information in the way that their customers want to be informed. Their prices are justified, apple customers gladly pay premium for the reason of their good selling quality devices are nowhere else. They ignore critics, any time Apple produce a new device especially for the iPad people say that it will fail. Every time Apple decided make new changes and introduce a new device they prevailed. Steve Jobs did not listen to critiques instead focus on building what they want to build. Albert Einstein said that Great ideas often receive violent opposition from mediocre minds. Apple turns the ordinary into something beautiful. PC makers constitute a standard hardware for standard applications. Apple is the leading best standard operating system and computer system against to their competitors. Simultaneously they are exploring the design standards as well. Result of this is the multi-wanted iMac, Mac book Air and iPhone 4 Former of Apples marketing executive and consumer marketing expert Steve M. Chazin has revealed the Secrets of the World Best Marketing Machine from Apple.http://www.i-seb.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/segmentation.jpg One Dont Sell Products (People buy what other People have) according to Steve M. Chazins point here is that products dont sell people do. For example when looking to the advertisement of the popular product iPod, there is lots of happy, energetic people dancing in shape against a colourful, vibrant and ever-changing background and it is the newest, trendiest features coming on the market, which gives customers the desire to buy as we live in a society that wants things new and improved and different from the regular products. Therefore Apple is showing its customers the difference they have from their competitors, it isnt selling you a simple MP3, its also inviting you to the difference lifestyle of apple. They indicate that if you use MP3 youll hear good music, but if you use apple iPod then you will feel good due its value and ability to play it in many different places. As Raymond Williams talks in The Magic System that in our society advertisements are created to make customers t o believe that the product they buy will make them feel in a different way. Apple makes people believe by the advert that they will feel the same way of those happy dancing, energetic people. Also Apple has an distinctive white headphones (uniquely to Apple), which are produced as pure apple marketing trick, it is designed to make visible part of their product a status symbol, wear white headphones and you are the member of the club. For example the advertisement of iPod shows us the people shadows dancing hold their iPods and showing distinctive white headphone. Accordingly Baudrillard states that, consumption is the most important basis of the social order and sociologically a particular individual belongs to a specific group which consumes a specific product, and the individual consumes such a product because he or she belongs to such a group This theory is related to the marketing that Apple gives to its customers, when customers buys Apple Product because they know that they belong to that society and it add-ups value to them. According to Raymond Williams when people buys more than just the product, as they buy self-respect, beauty, and power in their society throug h this consumption. Raymond also believed that people who have high consumption of products are living high standard life. .http://cdn1.iofferphoto.com/img/item/193/716/718/oZ4Y.jpg Two Never be the First to Market, (Make Something Good Greater) the marketing executive of apple applies that Apple is always leader creating new categories, surely they have never invented anything new such as PCs and MP3s and phones, but iPhone is very successful with functionality of on existing designs such as The Mac, iPod, iTunes and iPhone. Apple makes complex things easy and elegant as it is easy now to get music in to your pocket. Apple dont define you categorize rather they try to occupy shelf space that already exist in prospects mind, apple focuses on the one thing they do better and then make that mater to us. Baudrillard also declares that he can go one better and introduces a third form of exchange which is symbolic exchange in the form of the sign. Baudrillard argues that in addition to the satisfaction of human needs, commodities can also provide social status something of increasing value in modern society. This value is expressed in the form of the sign. Three Empower Early Adopters, this aspect identifies that Early adopters are those who are genuinely Apple Lovers and those who taking a risk to help Apple to succeed. Early adaptors are younger in age and have money to spend. Steve M. Chazin says that they are the first to take Apple product to everywhere. iPhone users feel in the same way the PowerBook users felt in 1993. Early adopters are the first to voice Apples marketing force through word of mouth as these adopters have set apart from the crowd and their gadget is a symbol of their states which they are proud to show off. http://www.dealgiant.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/MacBook_Pro_MB990B-A_offers.jpg Apples glowing apple logo is always upside down to you and it was fixed to be right side up for others to see when you open you open your Macbook you are showing others the brand and selling the brand to others. What this makes is that enables customer to make their choices by seeing it in others. Baudrillard stated that either prior production (polls, market studies) or subsequent to it (advertising, marketing, conditioning), the general idea to shift the locus of decision in the purchase of good from customers where it is beyond control to the firm where it subject to control (p.38). Apples intention is to make customer come to them without any encouragement via the firm. Apples secure customer loyalty by considering its product strong design as it is plain and simple. Many consumers may possibly not ready to buy an Apple computer due to its price, but they are willing to give gadgets to try such as smart iPods or iPhone, as these products are lower price entry to Apple Inc it gives the customer opportunity to be introduces to the brand and its quality products. Customers are more likely to buy apple computer in future if they are happy with these gadgets. According to Baudrillard he described the way of influencing customers desires the infernal round of consumption is based on celebration of needs that supposed to be psychological. These are distinguishes from physiological needs since they are supposedly established through discretionary income and the freedom of choice and consequently manipulate at will (Baudrillard p.39). Apple can influence easily their existing customers who are using iPhone, iPad and iPod to buy their Mac book computers.http://www.itechnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/griffin-powerdock-2-iphone-ipod.jpg Encoding / Decoding in Apple Inc. Stuart Hall developed a theoretical model to clarify the influence of television broadcasts such as advertisements called the encoding and decoding model. Encoder is trying to transfer information in a certain meaning based way to decoder, while decoder is adapting this original meaning into a new version according to their own way of perceiving. Production, here, constructs the message (Hall, 1980). According to iPod advertisements via Halls concepts, arguing that his production-reception model is a useful approach to understanding modern mass media messages, especially advertising. This model assumed that the media tools had an interest in production, circulation, distribution, consumption and reproduction rather than just conveying a message. In the encoding/decoding model of media discourses developed by Stuart Hall, the meaning of the text is located between its producer and the reader (Hall, 1980). Therefore apple produces plain and not confusing adverts towards customers as if the decoder perceiving differently to the encoder, the decoder will create their own version of the message with a totally different intention. When decoder functions under this position hall states that He/she is operating with what we must call an oppositional code (Hall, 1980). Encoding decoding is not a important concept for Apple Inc as their customers all ready knows what to perceive they wont be confused. Apple Branding Marketing executives in a company give values to add services to a product and an attempt to enhance their products like Apple with values and links that are recognised and valuable to their customers which is then a brand.   Identification or distinction from other competitors is the reason for branding which gives them their own identity. Apple is one of the examples which are now leading as a brand in IT arena.   Apple (brand name) which is auspicious had a consumers loyalty by the strength of their services and values which then lead the customers to repeat a purchase from the same company again. Advertisements do have an enormous attraction for a customer to hit on an individual mind for a company.   Apple as compared to other companies is a well recognised brand and it definitely preferable by customers.http://www.damonchernavsky.com/Pictures/Creative_Ads/Evolution_of_Brands/history-of-apple-computers.jpg Critical Analysis and conclusion Conclusion Referances Dougherty, M. (2010) The story of apple Inc. Last accessed on 12.03.2011 [online] http://www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/articles/65346.aspx http://blog.kissmetrics.com/7-strategies-apple-marketing/ 6 Unfair Market Advantages You Should Steal from Apple http://www.vertygoteam.com/apple_marketing_strategy.php http://www.theglaringfacts.com/2010/11/encodingdecodingmodel Williams, Raymond (1962) Advertising, the Magic System. In Problems in Materialism and Culture. London: New Left Books. Baudrillard, J. (1998). The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. Sage Publications Ltd. London, England. http://mashable.com/2011/01/03/apple-300-billion/